The name of the volcanoes. Volcanoes of the Earth: list, photo

Since ancient times, the eruption of the volcano has caused horror in man. Tons of red-hot lava, molten rocks, the emission of poisonous gases destroyed cities and even entire states. Today the volcanoes of the Earth have not become calmer. Nevertheless, both in the distant past, and today they attract thousands of researchers, scientists from all over the world. The desire to learn and understand what happens to the fire-breathing mountain during the eruption, how this process takes place, what precedes it, makes scientists climb up dangerous slopes, approaching the craters where the elements are raging.

Today, volcanologists have united in an international organization (IAVCEI). It carefully tracks possible eruptions that could pose a threat to human life. To date, there is a list where there is a name for volcanoes, their location and the probability of a nearby eruption. This helps to prevent human casualties, if necessary, evacuate people from the danger zone and take emergency measures.

In this article will be published a map of the volcanoes of the world with names, you will find out which of them are the most dangerous today. Perhaps such information will be useful for you if you are interested in the nature of this dangerous phenomenon.

Etna (Italy)

Our review, we decided to start with this mountain is not accidental. The volcano Etna, whose photo you see below in the article, is active, active, one of the largest and most dangerous on Earth. It is in the east of Sicily, not far from Catania and Messina.

Its activity is explained by the location at the junction of the Eurasian and African tectonic plates. At this break are other active mountains of the country - Vesuvius, Stromboli, Vulkano. Scientists claim that in ancient times (15-35 thousand years ago) the volcano Etna, whose photo often prints special editions, was characterized by explosive eruptions that left extensive layers of lava. In the 21st century, eruptions of Etna occurred more than 10 times, fortunately, without human casualties.

The height of this mountain is difficult to pinpoint, since its upper point is changing due to frequent eruptions. They happen, as a rule, in a few months. Etna occupies a huge area (1250 sq. Km). After lateral eruptions, Etna had 400 craters. On average, every three to four months the volcano throws out lava. Is potentially dangerous in the event of a powerful eruption. Thanks to the latest scientific developments, scientists hope to determine in time the increased activity of the mountain.

Sakurajima (Japan)

Specialists consider the volcanoes of the Earth to be active if they are active in the last 3000 years. This Japanese volcano has been active ever since 1955. He is referred to the first category. In other words, the eruption can begin at any time. Not a very strong release of lava was observed in February 2009. Residents of Kagoshima almost always accompanied by anxiety. Teachings, equipped shelters have firmly entered their everyday life.

The researchers installed over the crater webcam, so Sakuradzima is under constant surveillance. I must say that volcanoes on the islands can change the terrain. This happened in Japan, when in 1924 the strongest eruption of Sakuradzima occurred. Powerful earthquakes warned the city of the danger, most residents managed to leave the dwelling and evacuate.

After that, a volcano bearing the name of Sakuradzim (which means "island of Sakura") can no longer be called an island. A huge amount of lava formed an isthmus, which connected the mountain with the island of Kyushu. And another year after the eruption of lava slowly flowed out of the crater. The bottom of the bay rose in the center of the caldera of Ayr, located eight kilometers from Sakuradzim.

Aso (Japan)

This popular tourist destination for extreme sports is in fact a dangerous volcano, which in 2011 threw a large amount of lava and ash, which fell asleep a territory of 100 kilometers. Since that moment more than 2500 powerful tremors have been registered. This indicates that at any moment it can destroy the nearby village.

Vesuvius (Italy)

Wherever there are volcanoes - on continents or on islands, they are equally dangerous. Vesuvius is very powerful, and therefore very dangerous. It is one of the three active volcanoes in Italy. Scientists have information about 80 large eruptions of this mountain. The most terrible happened in the year 79. Then the cities of Pompeii, Stabia, Herculaneum were completely destroyed.

One of the last powerful eruptions was noted in 1944. The height of this mountain is 1281 m, the diameter of the crater is 750 m.

Colima (Mexico)

The name of the volcanoes (at least some of them) is remembered by many more for the school curriculum, others are learned from the newspapers, and only specialists are aware of the others. Colima is perhaps the most dangerous and powerful in the world. The last time he erupted in June 2005. Then the ash column, thrown from the crater, rose to a huge height (more than 5 km). Local authorities had to evacuate the residents of nearby villages.

This fire-breathing mountain consists of 2 conical peaks. Nevado de Colima is the highest of them. Its height is 4,625 m. It is considered extinct, and the other peak is an active volcano. It is called Volcano de Fuego de Colima - "The Fiery Volcano." Its height is 3,846 m. The locals called it the Mexican Vesuvius.

Since 1576, he erupted more than 40 times. And today it is extremely dangerous not only for residents of nearby cities, but for all of Mexico.

Galeras (Colombia)

Often the name of the volcanoes is directly related to the terrain on which the mountain lies. But the name Galeras has nothing to do with the town of Pasto, located nearby.

This is a huge and powerful volcano. Its height reaches 4276 meters. The diameter of the base is more than 20 kilometers, and the crater is 320 meters. It is located in Colombia (South America).

At the foot of this giant mountain is a small town Pasto. In August 2010, its residents had to be urgently evacuated due to the strongest eruption. In the region, the highest degree of emergency was declared. More than 400 police officers were sent to the district to help the citizens.

Scientists say that for the last 7 thousand years the volcano has woken up at least 6 times. And all the eruptions were very powerful. During the research work in 1993, six geologists were killed in the crater. At this time, another eruption began. In 2006, residents of the surrounding villages were evacuated due to the threat of a strong release of lava.

Elbrus volcano

On the border of Karachaevo-Cherkessia and Kabardino-Balkaria is the highest point of Europe and, of course, Russia - Elbrus. With the northern part of the Greater Caucasus it is connected by the Side Ridge. The Elbrus volcano consists of two peaks, which have approximately the same height. Its eastern part reaches 5621 m, and the western part - 5642 m.

This stratovolcano is conical. Its layers are formed by streams of tuff, lava, ash. The last eruptions of Elbrus were recorded 2500 years ago. Over time, he took the present form. Few volcanoes of the Earth can boast such a beautiful, "classical" conical shape. As a rule, craters are quickly destroyed by erosion. The beauty of Elbrus is protected by his mantle of ice and snow. It does not even descend in the summer, for which the volcano was called Minor Antarctica.

Despite the fact that he reminded himself a long time ago, specialists who are watching his current state and activity level do not consider him extinct. They call the mountain "sleeping". The volcano is active (fortunately, not yet destructive). In its bowels hot masses are still stored. They "warm up" well-known sources. Their temperature reaches +52 ° C and +60 ° C. Sulfur gases seep through the cracks .

Today, Elbrus is a unique natural area, the most valuable scientific base. During the Soviet period, scientific research was conducted here, and now the geophysical laboratory is located, the highest in Europe.

Popocatepetl (Mexico)

This is the largest volcano in the country, located 50 kilometers from the capital - Mexico City. Twenty-million city is always prepared for emergency evacuation. In addition, there are also two large cities - Tlaxcala de Hicotenkatl and Puebla. Their inhabitants, this troubled volcano, also makes you nervous. Emissions of sulfur, gas, stones and dust occur almost every month. Only in the last decade the volcano erupted thrice.

The Mauna Loa volcano (USA, Hawaii)

This is the largest "fire mountain" of the Earth. Together with the underwater part, it is 80,000 cubic meters. Km! The south-eastern slope and peak are part of the national park "Hawaiian volcanoes".

On Mauna Loa there is a volcanological station. Studies and constant observations have been conducted since 1912. There are also solar and atmospheric observatories.

The last eruption was noted in 1984. The height of the mountain above the sea level is 4,169 meters.

Nyiragongo (Congo)

As already noted, the name of volcanoes may not always be known to ordinary citizens living on another continent. From this the mountain does not become less dangerous. Its activities are monitored by specialists and timely reported on the increase in activity.

The next in our list is the active volcano Nyiragongo, whose height is 3469 meters. It is located in the central part of the African continent, in the mountains of Virunga. The volcano is considered the most dangerous in Africa. Partly it connects with the more ancient mountains of Shaher and Barat. It is surrounded by hundreds of smoldering small volcanic cones. 40% of all observed eruptions on the continent occur precisely here.

Mount Rainier (USA)

Our review list is completed by a stratovolcano located in Pierce County (Washington), 87 km south of Seattle.

The rail is part of the Volcanic Arc. Its height is 4 392 meters. Its top is made up of two volcanic craters.

We showed you the most famous volcanoes. The list of them, of course, is incomplete, in fact, according to scientists, only active mountains number more than 600. In addition, every year on Earth there are 1-2 new volcanoes.