Fire-fighting measures at the enterprise. Fire prevention plan

The fire safety measures are aimed at ensuring the safety of property at the objects of household and economic activities, health and life of citizens. Their main goal is to maintain the necessary conditions in populated areas, in areas of accumulation of material values or people due to unquestioning observance of established norms and requirements. Let us consider further what fire protection measures exist.

Main tasks

The development and implementation of fire prevention measures are necessary for the analysis and elimination of possible causes of fires. Due to them, the maximum limitation of flame propagation in case of emergencies is ensured. Fire-fighting measures include measures to create optimal conditions for saving property and evacuating citizens. Preventive work with the population ensures timely detection of the source of fire and the call of rescue services.

Plan of measures for fire safety

It is a set of measures aimed at preserving conditions that do not threaten property, life and health of people. A fire safety plan for each year should be developed for each production. All documentation related to ensuring optimal working and living conditions can be reviewed if necessary, as well as in cases stipulated by law.

Organization of fire safety measures

All the objects that carry out economic activities are subject to certain requirements. Fire prevention measures at the enterprise include the performance of regular inspections of the entire facility, individual sites related to it. The frequency of control is established in accordance with the legislation and other industry standard acts. Fire-fighting measures at the enterprise provide for briefings and training sessions with employees and workers of the facility. Acquaintance with the requirements and subsequent verification of knowledge are carried out by authorized persons appointed by the manager. Instructions are held both with permanent employees, and with temporary employees, as well as with arriving at the facility from other organizations. Buildings, structures, shops, platforms should be equipped with warning systems. Responsible persons should ensure the serviceability and availability of all fire safety devices. At new construction sites, with the conversion and reconstruction of various premises (workshops, warehouses, workshops and others), it is necessary to carry out constant monitoring of the fulfillment of the established requirements. The enterprise can be formed and trained voluntary fire brigades, special combat calculations, whose duties will include extinguishing fires and eliminating the consequences.

Authorized bodies

Fire-fighting measures are developed and implemented in accordance with the norms, under the instruction and under the supervision of the relevant services. In particular, they include:

1. Department of TB.
2. Gospozarnadzor.
3. Voluntary squads and societies.
4. Fire and technical commission.
5. Personnel IF.
6. Freelance fire inspectors.

The essence of the work

Fire-fighting measures are aimed at identifying and eliminating shortcomings directly at the site. In case of impossibility of immediate correction of defects, authorized authorities order in the shortest possible time to eliminate violations. Fire prevention measures include the equipping of warehouses, workshops, workshops and other production facilities with automatic warning systems. In the course of work to ensure optimal working conditions that exclude any threat to property and life, it is possible, if possible, to replace flammable substances with less dangerous analogues. Such kind of firefighting measures should be formalized through the issuance of acts or instructions (orders). They are handed directly to the head of the production facility.

Tasks of controlling authorities

The competence of the State Fire Safety Inspectorate includes checking the implementation of existing fire safety rules and norms in the design, construction, reconstruction and operation of the facilities. Preventive work is carried out mainly in the form of surveys and examinations. These activities are held regularly at all sites of economic activity. They can be planned or unplanned. The work is aimed at checking compliance with the approved standards and requirements. Their execution provides a reduction in the likelihood of fire, rapid fire extinguishing in the event of emergencies, as well as ensuring the safety of property, health and life of personnel and people in close proximity to the facility. In addition, the survey reveals the availability and availability of protective equipment, warning systems. Performed inspections are necessary to determine the actual level of PB on the site. Based on the conclusions made during the audit, supervisory authorities develop recommendations for business leaders.

Controlled objects

The Regulation on Municipal Health Supervision determines the frequency of preventive checks. It depends on the hazard class of the object. Every year we control:

1. Vocational schools and technical schools.
2. Enterprises of household and public services.
3. Research institutes and design institutes.
4. Warehouses.
5. Residential houses with a large floor with the organization of consumer services.

For each object assigned employees of the authorized service. For exercising control over the fulfillment of the orders of the State Supervision Authority, seasonal inspections, inspections of individual structures, workshops and buildings may be carried out on instructions from officials.

Fire prevention measures

The primary tasks for ensuring the safety of material values, life and health of employees at the facilities include:

• The use of non-combustible means for degreasing and cleaning parts, aggregates or finished products.
• Determination of fire hazard indicators of all substances and materials used in technological processes.
• The use of automatic warning systems with ensuring their periodic verification.
• Insulation of fire-hazardous equipment or its removal to open areas.
• The use of high-speed valves and special barriers preventing the spread of flame in communications and premises.
• The prohibition on the finishing of tracks intended for evacuation, with combustible materials.
• Application in the industrial premises, which are dangerous, smoke protection.

Special mode

It assumes the establishment of a certain set of requirements and measures in the whole enterprise or in its individual sections. The requirements are binding for all people, without exception, to be involved in the facility. Among the measures of the fire-fighting regime it should be noted:

1. Arrangement of places for smoking.
2. Regular cleaning of industrial and other premises from combustible wastes.
3. Thorough survey of sites after completion of work.
4. Installation of circuit breakers (switches), providing complete de-energization of electrical installations.
5. Equipment of evacuation passages and paths.

Usually, the realization of the measures envisaged does not require significant financial expenses. They can be performed by employees who carry out their professional activities in any room independently.

Work with the personnel

All employees involved in the enterprise must undergo fire preparation. In the course of it they are obliged to study:

1. Instructions and rules for the PB.
2. Parameters of the hazard of materials, substances used and stored in production.
3. Rules for the maintenance and use of extinguishing agents.
4. Characterization of fire hazard of technological processes, equipment, structures.
5. Sequence of actions in case of an extreme situation.

Fire-fighting training and training consist in conducting briefings and familiarization classes, which provide for the passage of the fire-technical minimum (PTM). The order in accordance with which this work is carried out is established and regulated by appropriate orders or orders. When conducting briefings, it is advisable to use software training.

Finally

It should be noted that the success of the fight and prevention of fires is ensured only in those enterprises where preventive work is well established, there are and are active PTC and DAP. According to statistics, about 60% of fires occur due to non-compliance with established norms, obvious violations of the BOP. The most particular causes of fires are smoking in places that are not equipped for this purpose, electrical household appliances left on, the use of torches and blowtorches for defrosting engines or pipes, and so on. To eliminate these factors, it is necessary to introduce a strict fire prevention regime, regular training of employees in the rules of the PB.