Feudal and feudal economy

The feudal and feudal economy came to replace the slave-owning mode of management in the third or fourth century of the new era in Europe. The change was not simultaneous, gradually, from decade to decade landowners who used slave labor in their latifundia began to pay attention to the fact that the economic efficiency of estates began to decline steadily. This was due to the general crisis of the slave system: the conquering wars of Rome gradually came to naught, the influx of slaves from the outside dried up, and slave families were never large families. And as the agronomic culture developed, the slaves, who were not interested in the results of their labor, could not, and did not want to qualitatively process the fairly depleted land.

The successor to Byzantium, which replaced slave-owning Rome, immediately showed its economic viability. The barbarian kingdoms that emerged on the site of the Western Roman Empire were also not slave-owning. From that moment the gradual development and improvement of the management system began, which later became known as the "feudal serf economy". Relapses of slavery in Europe (primarily in Muslim states) have never played a significant economic role.

Feudal serf economy could satisfy the needs of society only at a relatively low level of needs. The presence of a large number of small, personally unfree owners did not contribute to the intensive development of the economy. Labor productivity under these conditions could not be high. True, this did not apply to cities. Not without reason in the Middle Ages came the saying: "The air of the city makes it free". The peasant, who managed to escape from his lord and live for several years in the city, became legally free. When we say "feudal-feudal economy", by this we mean the medieval way of conducting only agriculture. Cities at that time were the locomotives of history, in them the beginnings of new, capitalist relations began to appear: the manufactories appeared, the division of labor.

With the development of society, the insolvency of serfdom became apparent, as a thousand years before - the failure of slavery. In Europe, the gradual abolition of serfdom began , feudal economy everywhere receded before the capitalist economy.

In most European countries, serfdom was abolished during the eighteenth - first half of the nineteenth century. One of the last states was the Russian Empire, where serfdom was abolished in 1861. Later, serfdom was abolished only in Romania and Bulgaria. In all cases, the reforms recorded already established new capitalist relations.

Economic definitions of scientific political economy, "born" in the nineteenth century, became the basis for the development of social sciences in the twentieth century. The classical capitalist and post-capitalist economy proved to be incredibly more complicated than the economy of the preceding centuries, and economic coercion to work is much more effective than the non-economic one.