Enterprise liquidity management

So, the term "liquidity" comes from the Latin word for fluidity, liquid. Thus, we can conclude that the liquidity of the enterprise characterizes its movement, movement. And to be more precise, the assets of the enterprise to easy mobilization. The concept of "enterprise liquidity management" has developed most in the second half of the last century and it is connected with the development of the banking system. It was then, in connection with the loss of many state-owned banks and the emergence of a large number of commercial banks, the methods of liquidity management of the bank began to develop actively .

At present, the term liquidity and liquidity management are also used in relation to economic entities such as goods, money, the market, the enterprise, balances , etc. Within the designated areas of application, liquidity is a kind of relationship created to correctly realize the cost of exchange (for example, goods and money). At the same time, liquidity in this case is the ability of the advanced value to return after some time. With high liquidity, the repayment period is reduced.

In the case of an enterprise, liquidity is the ability of an enterprise to react in a timely manner to financial changes (problems and prospects), the adequacy of assets to repay short-term loans by transferring assets to cash, and the ability to increase assets in the event of increased sales in the enterprise.

Liquidity and solvency management of the enterprise

Undoubtedly, the key to successful development of the enterprise is the competent management of its finances. A very significant part of financial management is the analysis of financial sustainability. The timely identification of financial problems, the search for opportunities to eliminate them, as well as to strengthen the financial condition - this is the liquidity management of the enterprise. The analysis allows not only to assess the existing problems, but also to determine the strategy for further development, build realistic plans, monitor their implementation, and evaluate the results and prospects of the enterprise.

In modern Russia, financial analysis and liquidity management of the enterprise both in the private sphere and at the state level is at a rather low level, which is explained by the insufficient education of domestic specialists and little experience of financial analysis in the state as a whole.

Comprehensive analysis of the enterprise is an assessment of a number of factors in the development of the enterprise. Under the analysis fall both external and internal market factors, and directly produced products, financial indicators. It allows to assess the possibilities of the enterprise in terms of further development in the chosen field.

One of the most important components of the liquidity management of an enterprise is the analysis of financial statements. The analysis goes on several directions.

The horizontal method of research is a comparison with the previous period of each reporting point. It allows not only to track changes, but also to forecast trends of growth or decrease. Vertical analysis allows you to determine the specific gravity of those or other expense items in the reporting of the same period. Trend research method by studying each position in the reporting allows you to identify some general development trends and create a forecast. The coefficients are also calculated, which allows us to make a comparative analysis of the positions.

The methods of liquidity management of an enterprise include:

• Distribution of funds through various channels;
• Distribution of assets in accordance with the terms of liabilities;
• Scientific management.

Liquidity management of the enterprise assumes such an arrangement of the company's finances, which will allow it to quickly pay off obligations if necessary.