Engine KamAZ Euro-2: characteristics, possible malfunctions

Kama Automobile Plant was founded in 1976. In the first years of work, the plant produced heavy equipment with a load capacity of 8 and up to 20 tons. The first KAMAZ that came off the assembly line is the model 5320. It is noteworthy that the engine was developed from scratch, especially for this heavy equipment. Let's take a closer look at the KAMAZ Euro-2 engine, its operation features, repairs, major malfunctions and how to remedy them.

General information

I would like to note right away that this article will consider the most popular engine - the 740th. There are a large number of its modifications, which sometimes differ among themselves only in European environmental standards. We will consider the 740th Euro-2 engine.

It is rather difficult to remember the name of each ICE. For example, KamAZ with the motor 740-210 (260) among motorists is better known as KamAZ Euro-2 (3,4), where the last figures mean the volume of the power unit. If necessary, in tables with technical characteristics, you can find the right motor with a certain European standard. Well, now let's go further and look at the basic information on the 740th ICE.

This is useful to know

As already noted above, the 740th is a fairly common type of motor. The first engine of the line was 740 V8. Accordingly, the letter V means that the cylinders are arranged in two rows and the angle between them is less than 90 degrees. There are also L-shaped motors. Cylinders are also placed in two rows, but already at an angle close to 90 degrees. It is worth noting that the first KamAZ 740 (Euro-2) engine had a volume of 10 852 centimeters of cubic. At the same time, its power was about 210 horsepower. Later, other modifications appeared with a power range from 180 to 360 liters. from.

Of course, the 740 was not used for gasoline, but for diesel fuel. The so-called among the motorists "solyara" had a whole lot of advantages. The main aspect, based on which the type of fuel was chosen, is the cost. The use of large-volume diesel engines for diesel fuel made it possible to save money at the expense of a lower consumption. In addition, the life of the power unit was extended due to improved lubrication. For beginners, this type of engine was very unusual, because there are not even spark plugs. The ignition of the working mixture was due to a high compression ratio. If the gasoline engine VAZ-2107 compression ratio is 8, then on the 740-m - 17 units.

A bit about the benefits

Despite the fact that there are a variety of engine malfunctions KamAZ (Euro-2), it is rightfully considered one of the most reliable among domestic. In addition, it is not too gluttonous and has quite compact dimensions. Designers managed to find a "golden mean", which allowed to further develop the design of the motor and gradually improve it.

Of course, this is far from all its advantages, because there are a lot of them:

• Maintainability;
• Interchangeability of the main parts of ICE;
• Compliance with European environmental standards;
• Quite good power;
• Low fuel consumption.

It is also worth highlighting one more important point - an easy start at minus temperatures. Usually a diesel engine is quite hard to start in a hard frost, however, KamAZ has a powerful battery and a starter. Also there is a regular system for heating the engine.

Repair of the KamAZ Euro-2 engine

As already noted a little bit above, this motor is quite reliable and easy to maintain. Nevertheless, the power unit experiences significant loads during operation. If you do not comply with the scheduled periods of oil replacement, as well as other technical works, you will soon need major repairs, which is not very cheap.

If you need to repair the KAMAZ Euro-2 engine before the end of the warranty period, you should contact the dealer. It is strongly recommended not to climb and disassemble the power unit on its own. The seals will be torn off, and the warranty repair is refused.

Often, the engine crashes after the expiry of the warranty period. In this case, for a complete overhaul, a P-770 swivel stand is required. After the defect, new parts are installed, preferably original ones. Experts who are able to perform a high-quality repair of the 740-th, quite a lot. But still, do not spend too low prices, as this can lead to even greater financial costs.

Engine cooling system KamAZ Euro-2

Everything is extremely simple and understandable. The cooling system is more realized, as in a conventional car, although there are some differences. First, here we have two thermostats. This is due to the design features of the motor. The fact is that the V8 has two heads, hence the cooling is realized on each one separately. Another distinctive feature is the blinds on the radiator. In the cold season they are closed, which allows you to quickly warm up the power unit. In the summer, they, on the contrary, open for effective cooling of the power unit.

In the rest, the system is classical. It is a closed circuit with forced circulation of antifreeze, that is, the water pump drives the antifreeze on the branch pipes. In general, the cooling system rarely fails. It is recommended that the gasket be replaced on a thermostat occasionally. The KamAZ Euro-2 engine has its weak points in the cooling system:

• Cracking of rubber nipples;
• Antifreeze in the engine;
• Overheating of the system;
• Hypothermia.

Cracking is often due to poor quality rubber. As a result, leaks of tosol are very often formed at the junctions. If the internal combustion engine is overheated, it is possible to pierce the cylinder head gasket, in this case, through the channels, the antifreeze can get into the oil. In this there is nothing good, it can result in a major overhaul. Overcooling or overheating is most often due to a jammed thermostat.

A bit about maintenance

The first thing I would like to say about is the replacement of the cooling liquid in the system. If many people change the oil according to the regulations, then they do not always follow the deadlines. The manufacturer recommends changing the antifreeze every 3-5 years. The total volume of the system is 25 liters, the type of coolant is Tosol A-40.

It is also recommended to check the level of antifreeze in the system before each trip. It can be done quite simply. For this, a special valve is turned on the surge tank. If the cock flowed tosol, then its level is normal, you can twist, start the engine and go. When the system is inadequate, the liquid will not flow from the tap. In this case it is necessary to top up and check the system for leaks, as leaks are possible.

How to replace the oil

There is nothing complicated, everything is approximately the same as with a car. But first I would like to say a few words about the level. The manufacturer recommends that you check the level before each trip. If the oil is not enough, then you can not go, because at times the wear of friction parts will increase. It is desirable to top up the lubricant and only then continue driving. If there was an overflow, then here too it is necessary to return the level back to normal. This can be done by unscrewing the drain plug in the crankcase.

The process itself is as follows:

• Warm up the engine to operating temperature;
• Muffle the engine and unscrew the cork;
• We change filters;
• It is desirable to wash the rotor of the centrifugal cleaning of the lubricant;
• Fill the oil to the "B" mark on the dipstick;
• We start the engine and let it run for 5 minutes on the hull;
• Deaf and check the level, if necessary, top up.

Basic malfunctions and their elimination

The new KamAZ Euro-2 engine is unlikely to fail. Usually it goes to overhaul about 1 million kilometers with proper maintenance. In practice, the power unit runs an order of magnitude less. This is due to the low quality of spare parts for maintenance, the failure to meet the deadlines for replacing liquid in the cooling system, oil, etc. As for the most typical problems, among these are the following:

• Insufficient oil pressure in the system. Often the reason is the oil pump or the wear of the liners. It should be understood that overheating of the lubricating fluid can lead to loss of pressure. Therefore, first of all check the pressure relief valve.
• Increased fuel consumption. Normally it is considered to be about 35-40 liters of diesel fuel, although in the passport the car is written quite different. In the urban cycle it is permissible to increase the flow by 8%, if there is a trailer, then even more. Most often, the consumption is increased because of used oil or clogged filter elements.

Despite a fairly simple and well-known cooling system, problems often occur with it. It is because of a malfunction of a unit that the motor overheats, which can lead to major repairs. It is recommended to start the test with a level of antifreeze, the efficiency of thermostats.

Unstable work, knock, smoke

If the power unit vibrates strongly, and it can be on a warmed-up or unheated engine, idling or under load, then in this case several systems need to be checked. Firstly, a malfunction of the injection valves of the injection pump or jets of the injectors is possible. If before that there was a replacement crankshaft, then, most likely, the problem with its balancing.

The most common cause of the knocking is the oil starvation of ICE. This can happen not only because of insufficient lubrication in the system, but also because of the poor quality of the lubricant. In this case, the crankshaft usually sticks and turns the liners. As for the smoke, it often appears because of the punctured cylinder head gasket. Exhaust of white color at minus temperature on a cold engine is normal. In general, the KamAZ Euro-2 engine, the photo of which you can see, requires a regular replacement of the air filter. If it is clogged, then black smoke may appear.

Do not start and stall

If the KamAZ 740 Euro-2 engine fails to start, there are usually several reasons. First, the low level of fuel and the presence of water in it. In addition, leakage of the fuel line is possible, which is why the system sucks air.

If the engine still managed to start, but it immediately stalls, then it is necessary to check the condition of the oil and its level, it is quite possible that there is a lot of water in diesel fuel, because of this, no compression occurs during compression.

"Zhor" oil and what to do about it

We have already considered the construction of the KamAZ Euro-2 engine, and, as you have already noticed, this power unit has many problems. But, despite this, it is considered quite reliable. Nevertheless, it is necessary to be able to determine in time the cause of the malfunction, then it will be possible to do a small repair.

One of these reasons is the increased consumption of lubricant. On KamAZ, oil most often leaves through oil seals and leaking gaskets. Worse, when the lubricant is excessively burned in the chamber. This indicates an increased wear of the oil rings and other problems. In this case, it is necessary to remove the KAMAZ Euro-2 engine block and to capitalize it.

Let's sum up the results

There are a lot of malfunctions that are inherent in this motor. Although it can not be said that in 740 it is a sore spot. These are typical problems that appear not only on this model, but also on many others.

In general, the motor, which is equipped with a diesel particulate filter - a catalytic converter, is quite powerful and taut. Such a power unit, with proper maintenance and sparing operation, is able to run a lot. However, it does not require expensive maintenance. It is only necessary to change filters, oils, other liquids and consumables in time. Even if there is any problem, it is quickly and easily eliminated, if this does not apply to the piston engine group. Despite the fact that the 740 was developed long ago, its modifications are still in use.