EM drugs with their own hands. Applications of EM technologies

About EM-technology say a lot, but still do not all imagine the essence of these drugs. In fact, everything is very simple.

What is EM drugs

Many people have heard about humus, but not all imagine what it is and why it is needed. And even more so, how to deal with it. Humus is an organic matter in the soil, which contains a complex of organic compounds necessary for the growth and development of plants. It appears as a result of the work of microorganisms. The more of them, the higher the humus content, the more fertile the soil.

Microorganisms are found in any soil. Somewhere there are more, somewhere less, but they are always and everywhere. Some of them decompose organic remains, others process them into new formations, others loosen soil, etc. The more diverse the composition, the better.

In the middle zone, most microorganisms die in the long winter. And their number is restored only by August-September. Therefore, special concentrates have been developed, which contain bacteria necessary for the soil. Such remedies are called EM drugs ("EM" means "effective microorganisms"). Bottles contain yeast, bacteria, enzyme fungi. Depending on the manufacturer, the composition and extent of the impact on the soil will vary.

How is the processing done

Preparations are introduced into the soil in spring, late April - early May (depending on climatic conditions). Microorganisms "wake up" and begin violent activity at a temperature above +15 degrees. As soon as the thermometer's column falls lower, the bacteria begin to fall into a hibernation.

First, a working solution is prepared from the concentrate, which will be treated with soil. It is necessary to carefully study the instruction to properly prepare EM preparations with your own hands from concentrates, because each manufacturer has his own way: if something is done wrong, the microorganisms will die or remain in a dormant state.

After applying the fertilizer, it is necessary to feed the microbes. For food they use only organic remains, for example, they will be pleased with last year's tops, grass or foliage, compost, manure.

Planting seedlings and sowing seeds will be possible in a couple of weeks: during this time the bacteria will become stronger, evenly distributed in the earth, become a part of it and even have time to improve its quality a little. If the planting starts earlier, then the probability is high that the bacteria will take useful plants for their food. Too high concentrations can also lead to a similar effect.

How drugs work

• The structure of the soil is improving.
• The percentage of useful microorganisms is increasing.
• The soil becomes more healthy, there are no conditions for the development of pathogenic bacteria. Useful microbes destroy harmful.
• Increases the resistance of plants to the effects of adverse natural phenomena.
• Improves the mineral composition of soils and, as a consequence, nutrition of plants.
• The yield and quality of the fruit is increased.
• Stimulated plant growth: they look healthier and stronger, the stems become taller and thicker.

How the result looks

The revival of the humus layer is made noticeable at first sight. Already for 1, a maximum of 2 summers will be seen the difference. The soil becomes brighter, darker, and to the touch as it were fatter. It is because of the peculiar tone that fertile lands are called chernozem. Also, the beds become more friable and light, and signs of pelletization appear in the soil.

Whether it is possible to prepare such preparations independently

Many people prefer to buy ready-made concentrates in specialized stores. However, there are many recipes for how to prepare EM drugs with your own hands. At the heart of starter cultures, weeds and hay are most often used. The first - the materials at hand, and the latter is the source of the subtillin. Home EM drugs, of course, are inferior in efficiency to factory ones, since the set of strains in them is not so diverse. On the other hand, the bacteria are already "acclimatized", therefore it takes less time to adapt to new conditions.

Herbal infusion

In the barrel filled with 6 buckets of crushed weeds, it is desirable to add a variety of medicinal herbs. By the way, they can also grow on the site together with weeds (chamomile, plantain, celandine, etc.). There is also added compost - 2 buckets and ½ ash buckets. Everything is flooded with water. Insists for 2 weeks. The ready-mixed mixture can be used as a fertilizer. Concentrate must be diluted in a ratio of 1:10.

Top dressing

EM drugs with their own hands begin with the starter: a 3-liter jar pours warm water, a pinch of yeast and 5 tbsp. L. Sahara. The solution must be allowed to ferment, this takes 2-3 days. Ready brew poured into a 200-liter barrel, add:

• Shovel ash (you can use the remaining from the burning of dry grass);
• ½ manure buckets;
• A bucket of rotten leaves or straw;
• Shovel compost or land from the garden;
• As much sand;
• 1 liter of kefir, whey or curdled milk;
• The remaining volume is filled with water.

The mixture should be infused for a week. The contents of the barrel should be stirred periodically. Use as a top dressing, dilute in a ratio from 1: 2 to 1:10.

Rice water

¼ cup of rice is poured into 1 glass of water. Groats should be mixed thoroughly. When the water becomes whitish, you need to merge it into a separate cup and leave it in a warm room for 5-7 days. After that, it is filtered and milk is added. It should be 10 times more than rice water. The mixture is again insisted in a warm place for 5-7 days. The resulting mass (similar to cottage cheese) is removed, and the remaining mixture is added 1 tbsp. L. Sahara. The concentrate is ready. For use, it must be diluted 1:20.

Subtillin

You can prepare EM-medications with their own hands, which have similar properties with factory products. They are used in a similar way. This is infusion of hay bacillus, or subtilin.

To make it, you need to boil 150 grams of pale but not moldy hay in 1 liter of water, adding 1 tsp to the tank. Chalk. When boiling, most of the harmful bacteria and fungi die, but the spores of the hay remain alive. The solution must be put in a dark warm place. After three days, a film appears on the surface. It is formed by spores of the rod. The uterine culture is ready. With its help, you can prepare a solution that will be used for processing and watering plants.

Method of preparation of a working preparation. On a section in a wide container put 1 kg of hay, fill it with a bucket of hot water, add 10 teaspoons of chalk or lime (they reduce the level of acidity) and pour in the uterine culture. The container is removed to a dark place and additionally covered to prevent direct sunlight. After 3 days the working solution is ready, it is possible to carry out the treatment of plants.

For what solutions are used

The use of EM drugs is not limited to fertilizing plants and introducing them into the soil. They will be useful for other agricultural purposes.

• Preseeding processing of planting material: spraying potatoes, soaking seeds, etc.
• Treatment of plants for disease prevention.
• Soil treatment for decontamination.
• To accelerate the formation of compost.
• For the treatment of country toilets.

All treatments should be carried out in cloudy, but not rainy weather. The fact is that microorganisms quickly die in direct sunlight, and their rains will be washed into the soil. Also on the street should be warm. The optimum temperature is +18 ... +20 degrees. In cold weather, microorganisms go into hibernation.

Also, many manufacturers advise using diluted concentrates not only in the garden, but also in everyday life. For example, EM-preparation "Vostok" is recommended for indoor treatment in order to prevent the appearance of an unpleasant smell of dust, it helps in the fight against domestic mites. Also suitable for furniture and household appliances.

Industrial production

EM technologies were developed at the end of the last century in Japan. The scientist Higa Tera suggested using these drugs to restore the soil damaged by chemical treatments with pesticides and fertilizers, and also depleted as a result of active farming.

At present, Russia produces various concentrates containing microorganisms. The most popular are the EM preparations "Shine", "Baikal", "East", "Revival". They are used for various purposes, many producers share the means for treating soil, seeds or plants.

Concentrates are produced in the form of dry mixtures, but they are more common in the form of liquids.

Preparation of EM preparation for watering and tillage

Depending on the needs and purpose, industrial concentrates are bred in different proportions. For irrigation, most often used drugs mixed with water as follows: 1: 1000 or 1: 500. For autumn and spring soil cultivation, when beds are already or still there are no plants, a higher concentration is required: 1: 100.

The preparation method for each drug is different, but usually only details differ. The main points are similar. However, before use, read the instructions and prepare the solution in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

All concentrates are bred in warm water with a temperature of 20-35 degrees. Then a sweet nutrient medium is added to the container. Everything is thoroughly mixed. Sweets are necessary for the adaptation of microorganisms to new conditions. The fact is that for the artificial feeding of bacteria, molasses, jam or honey are used. To make it easier for them to change their habits, one of these ingredients must be added to the working solution. Usually the finished mixture is allowed to infuse for several hours, so that the microorganisms are finally "woken up" and evenly distributed in the containers.

Composition of preparations

Concentrates contain various microorganisms. For example, the preparation "EM-1 Baikal" includes 60 strains. All proportions are calculated so that the bacteria do not interfere and destroy each other, but constitute a stable symbiosis. The main groups of microorganisms that are used in EM preparations:

• Actinomycetes - synthesize antibiotics and improve the condition of the soil.
• Yeasts are necessary for the production of antibiotics that suppress harmful micro-organisms, and biologically active substances that stimulate the growth and development of plants. Also, yeast synthesizes substrates necessary for the life of lactic acid bacteria.
• Lactic Acid Bacteria. On hearing from an ordinary resident thanks to the advertisement of yoghurts and other similar products. Bacteria of this type are involved in the production of lactic acid, which inhibits the growth and development of harmful bacteria, and accelerates the decomposition of organic matter.
• Fermenting fungi are engaged in the decomposition of organic residues and convert them into accessible, easily digestible substances for plants.
• Photosynthetic bacteria. This kind of microorganisms is able to provide itself completely. They create nutrients from plant materials and gases. Bacteria synthesize natural sugars, amino acids and nucleic acids, which are essential for planting. Also, due to the enrichment of the soil with nutrients, other microorganisms receive adequate nutrition.

EM-drugs - this is what is useful for any summer resident.