Kidney pathology: causes, symptoms and methods of treatment. Pyelonephritis. Nephroptosis. Renal insufficiency

Currently, kidney diseases are quite a serious problem for medicine and humanity. You should know that you should not start pathological processes that occur in organs such as the kidneys. Also known is the fact that diseases of this kind can occur without any symptoms for a person.

Pathologies

There are the following pathologies of the kidneys:

1. Syndrome of urine.
2. Syndrome of nephrotic character.
3. Hypertensive disease.
4. Kidney failure is acute.
5. Kidney failure is chronic.
6. Tubular irregularities.

The picture of the disease can have a detailed symptomatology. This category includes such an ailment as a nephrotic syndrome.

There are cases when the signs that are manifested indicate a one-sided form of kidney pathology. It also happens that the patient feels and feels any symptoms of the disease at the initial stage, and then they disappear. In such a course of illness, one should pay attention to its history. This is an important point. Since the onset of the disease, namely, from when it began to develop in the body, can tell a lot about the nature of the disease and its manifestation in humans.

For what reasons can the pathology develop?

In order to diagnose and select the right treatment regimen, it is necessary to establish the reasons for which this or that symptom arose. As a rule, kidney pathology occurs due to the fact that the human body is some kind of negative impact. For example, an organism can get an infection or some bacteria and microorganisms. In addition, the cause of the pathology of the kidneys can become a virus.

If for some reason urine badly departs from a person, it can also lead to the development of ailment. Such formations as a cyst and a tumor also have a negative impact on the functioning of the kidneys. In addition, the violation of metabolic processes in the body leads to impaired renal function.

Such dysfunctions include:

1. Pathological processes of autoimmune character.
2. Violation in the structure of organs of an innate nature. Pathology of kidney development.
3. Disturbance of the tissue of the kidneys.
4. Nephroptosis (meaning two-sided)

Another cause of abnormal kidney function is the formation of stones.

What symptoms indicate that the kidneys have any pathology?

Symptoms of the presence of pathological processes in the kidneys can be divided into two types. The first type includes symptoms of a general nature. And to the second type of characteristic renal manifestations. In a case where a person feels a general deterioration of the condition and suggests that this is due to painful processes in his kidneys, he should consult a specialist in a medical facility. Here he will be examined, prescribed the necessary treatment and will take all measures to normalize the patient's condition.

Leading syndromes

What are the leading syndromes known for kidney pathology? The overall deterioration associated with these diseases is characterized by the following symptoms:

1. The patient has a chill.
2. Increased fatigue and fatigue.
3. A person with pathological processes in the kidneys develop pain sensations in the area of these organs. The peculiarity of this pain is that it has not a sharp character of manifestation. It appears gradually.

In this condition, it is recommended to drink plenty of liquid in a hot form.

In the case when the patient does not take any action to treat his body, his condition will continue to deteriorate.
Him:

• There is a fever.
• There is an increase in body temperature.
• There is pain in the lower back, it has a stronger character. The back region hurts where the diseased organ is located. It is possible that the pathological process occurs only in one kidney. In this case, the pain will be present on one side.
• The pressure rises.
• Appear edema. They can appear on the face, around the eyes. Also swelling all over the body, including the legs.
• Urine leaves with difficulty. Urination may occur frequently, or vice versa rarely. Also, patients may experience burning and itching during the process. Also, urination may be absent. This is a clear indication that the kidneys are impaired.
• The urine changes color and consistency. Namely, it becomes turbid, and it can also contain blood secretions

In the fair sex there is increased swelling during the bearing of the child. It is also associated with kidney pathologies.

Reason to see a doctor

In the event that a person discovers the above symptoms, or several of them, he should immediately consult a doctor. Because the consequences can be severe. Therefore, it is recommended to go to a medical institution for an accurate diagnosis. Next, a treatment will be prescribed, which should be followed.

In no case do you need to self-medicate. Since taking any medication can lead to a worsening of the condition. It should also take into account the fact that each organism has its own characteristics. And what helped one person, can do harm to another. The doctor, when making a diagnosis, takes into account the individual characteristics of each organism.

Pathologies of a chronic and hereditary nature

There are cases when diagnosed kidney pathology in newborn babies. In this case, the possibility of inheriting the disease should be checked. If the kidney disease is hereditary, then a person throughout life will need to carry out special measures to maintain these organs in a normal state. That is, the patient needs to lead a healthy lifestyle, consume vitamins and minerals. If the pathological process worsen, you should take special medications. These drugs will ensure the normal functioning of the kidneys.

It may also be that the acute course of the disease will not be treated appropriately. Then such pathology passes into a chronic form. Chronic kidney diseases can occur in both women and men. In order to prevent the appearance of an ailment in the body, measures should be taken to treat the pathology immediately after its detection. Do not delay the visit to the doctor, and if the condition worsens - report it. Perhaps, it is necessary to change the scheme of the prescribed treatment.

Diagnostics

A doctor who deals with kidney disease is called a urologist. If any suspicions of pathological processes in these organs should be addressed to him.
When a urologist receives a special examination of the patient.
First of all, the doctor conducts a conversation with a person. In the course of it, he finds out which patients are concerned about the symptoms, how long ago, and other related information.
Then the patient is examined.

What are the tests done for kidney pathology? Directions are given for such tests as the surrender of blood and urine.

The patient is referred to a kidney examination by ultrasound. The pathology of the kidneys on ultrasound is revealed. The ultrasound of an organ like the bladder is done.
Urology is also conducted.

Other measures are prescribed if they are necessary for the diagnosis.
After a complete examination of the patient and the doctor does not remain in any doubt, a person is diagnosed. Then appropriate therapy is prescribed. Treatment of a person is a doctor, he takes into account the characteristics of the patient's body.

What predictions can be in the treatment of the kidneys?

When predicting the recovery, parameters such as the stage of the disease, when the diagnosis was made, how the doctor's recommendations were observed during treatment were taken into account. For example, with diseases such as glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, the prognosis is favorable. Here we are talking about acute forms of these pathologies.

In the case of the presence of chronic kidney disease in the body, F treatment can last for several years. With a disease such as kidney failure, the prognosis for recovery may be unfavorable.

Preventive measures should also be taken.

In order to avoid the pathological processes of the kidneys, you should avoid supercooling the body. If there is any inflammation, you need to take measures to improve health. It is recommended not to drink alcohol and substances containing toxic substances. You should also eat right. Those people who are at risk should follow a special diet.

Pyelonephritis

Pyelonephritis refers to diseases of bacterial properties. This ailment is a nonspecific pathology. It affects the disease of the pelvis, calyx, parenchymal tissue. Now consider how pyelonephritis is manifested in women. Symptoms and treatment of this disease are two important topics, which we will also consider.

This pathology can be present in the body in both acute and chronic forms. This disease can be present in both sexes. However, it is more often diagnosed in women.

What are the causes of pyelonephritis?

Usually pyelonephritis occurs because of cystitis. What it is? Cystitis is an inflammatory process that occurs in the bladder. The cause of inflammation is bacterial. Why is cystitis most often diagnosed in women? The reason for this is their physiology. In women, the anatomy of the body is such that the urethra is much shorter than that of men. In this regard, various microorganisms penetrate much faster. When infected bacteria find themselves in the bladder, they enter the kidneys. This disease also has another name, namely, ascending pyelonephritis. Another feature of the female pathology is that the urethra is not far from the anal. This structure of the organism promotes the appearance of pathology.

Acute pyelonephritis arises from such pathogens as:

• Intestinal bacillus.
• The wax is pseudomonous.
• Proteus. It's a amoeba parasite.
• Enterococcus.
• Staphylococcus.

In addition, there is another factor in the occurrence of pyelonephritis. It refers to infection in the kidneys through blood. This disease is called descending pyelonephritis.

Other causes of the disease

In addition, there are a number of other reasons that can cause this pathology in the body, namely:

1. Subcooling the body. You should take care of yourself and do not allow the body to supercool.
2. Stress or nervous shock.
3. Venereal diseases that are present in the human body.
4. Insufficient work of the immune system. For example, because of antibiotics.
5. Dysfunction of urine outflow.
6. Fatigue and overwork.
7. Violation of blood circulation in the kidneys.

Such a disease, like diabetes, can cause pyelonephritis. Also, this ailment can be a congenital pathology of the kidneys.
You should also know that pyelonephritis in the weaker sex is a manifestation of secondary pathology. In other words, this ailment arises as a consequence of another disease that is present in the woman's body. Therefore, before appointing this or that treatment, the doctors find out the cause of this pathology. If it becomes known, against the background of which the disease appeared, then the treatment will become much more effective.
There is a chronic form of pyelonephritis, it depends on the stage of the disease. Perhaps there is a period of remission, or vice versa, exacerbation.

Pyelonephritis in women. Symptoms and Treatment

What are the symptoms of chronic pyelonephritis?

1. Painful sensations in the back. The character can be different. But, as a rule, the pains are aching. The feeling of discomfort is present in the lower back. Pain can be uneven. This is due to the fact that one kidney can be pathologically affected. There is also such an effect when the pain appears on the opposite side. Unpleasant sensations in the back may increase with a certain load. For example, when walking or any physical impact.
2. Patients with this pathology are constantly concerned about the state of cold. Even if the temperature of the air does not freeze, people are cool, they want to get warm.
3. In addition to pain in the back, there are unpleasant sensations in the abdomen. As a rule, they occur in children.
4. Frequent desire in the toilet. Constant urge to urinate, especially at night.
5. The patient may have a fever for no apparent reason. Most often it happens in the evening.
6. The pressure rises.
7. The person feels unassembled, broken, feels tired even in the early hours.
8. Headache.
9. Bad mood, irritation for no reason, indifference to what is happening around and other signs of mental instability.
10. The patient develops swelling. Mechanism of edema development in renal pathology: most often they occur on the face under the eyes and on the legs. On the face they become noticeable. And you can press your finger on your feet and leave a trace. This suggests that there is swelling. Also, this fact can be borne out by the fact that the shoes become tight.

When the period of exacerbation and remission comes, the above symptoms do not bother the person. The only thing that remains is a general malaise and weakness. An increased pressure may also be present.

How to treat pyelonephritis? The patient is required not to load his body with great physical exertion.

He should drink more liquids, namely water, cranberry juice, etc. Antibiotics are also prescribed. Usually, these drugs are prescribed for a week. After that, a urine test is taken. If everything is normal, then a person drinks antibiotics for another week. Otherwise, the course of treatment, of course, will last for another two to three weeks.

What complications can occur?

It is worth knowing that if you run problems with the kidneys, you may experience an abscess. What is this ailment? An abscess is the presence of pus in the tissues of the kidney. Symptoms such as pain and fever increase. In the study of urine and blood, the patient is diagnosed with an elevated level of leukocytes.
Besides an abscess, the human body can undergo such diseases as:

1. Jade apostematous. With this disease, there are purulent foci under the capsule of the kidney.
2. Bilateral nephroptosis. This is the omission of both kidneys. Bruising and kidney pathologies can provoke a similar ailment. The main symptoms of bilateral nephroptosis are dull pain in the kidney area. There is also nausea, dizziness, vomiting.
3. Carbuncle. This is a purulent focus of necrotic nature in the tissue of the kidney.
   These are very serious diseases that are dangerous to human life. Therefore, when they are diagnosed, emergency hospitalization is performed and surgical intervention is prescribed.

Signs and causes of kidney failure

If the treatment is wrong or untimely, women may experience a disease such as kidney failure. What other causes of renal failure are known?

• Polycystic disease;
• Recurrent urinary tract infections;
• Obstacles to the outflow of urine.

What are the symptoms of this ailment? It is accompanied by a bad mood. Irritability also increases with renal insufficiency. Another pathology is accompanied by an apathetic attitude.

Therapy

How is renal pathology treated? First of all, after the diagnosis is made, complex treatment is appointed, which is aimed at eliminating the symptoms. In the case when it comes to the acute form of the disease. Further measures are taken to eliminate the causative agent of the pathological process. Usually prescribed dosage forms that contain antibiotics.

In the case when it comes to the chronic course of the disease, it is necessary to direct therapeutic measures to eliminate the cause of this pathology.
As a rule, for the treatment of kidney diseases use antibiotics, which are related to penicillins. Although it is possible to use other groups of drugs. Medical products are prescribed taking into account the individual characteristics of the human body.

In addition to antibiotics are appointed:

1. Preparations of anti-inflammatory properties.
2. Dosage forms aimed at stimulating blood flow.
3. Vitamins.
4. Adaptogens.

Conclusion

Now you know the signs of kidney pathology. We also examined known ailments. We described their symptoms. The topic of diagnosis and treatment of kidney pathologies was slightly touched upon. Also, the pathology of the kidneys in systemic diseases was examined.