Atypical endometrial hyperplasia

Hyperplasia of the endometrium is an abnormal proliferation of the inner (mucous) membrane of the uterus when it becomes much thicker than in the normal state. In general, the term "hyperplasia" means an increase in the number of tissue cells or some organ, as a result of which the volume of this organ increases. According to medical statistics, endometrial hyperplasia affects up to 20% of women, and in 5-10% of them the disease is transformed into cancer.

There are several types of hyperplasia, these are:

• Glandular hyperplasia;
• Cystic hyperplasia;
• Adenomatosis, i.e. Atypical endometrial hyperplasia;
• Focal endometrial hyperplasia.

Possible causes of the disease are hormonal disorders, gynecological diseases, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), abortion, uterine fibroids, diagnostic curettage, adenomyosis, concomitant extragenital diseases (adrenal, thyroid, diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure).

Symptoms of endometrial hyperplasia include disorders of the menstrual cycle (lengthening or contraction, excessive blood loss); Sudden uterine bleeding during menstruation or in the middle of the cycle, lasting up to several weeks; infertility.

Atypical endometrial hyperplasia Is the most serious disease of all the above species. The threat of its degeneration into cancer, in the absence of treatment, ranges from 20% to 80% and is most often observed during the period of cessation (by age) of menstrual function. With atypical hyperplasia, the thickness of the endometrium reaches 3 cm.

Restricted (Focal) endometrial hyperplasia are polyps that germinate in separate foci. The structure of polyps are fibrous, glandular and adenomatous. Depending on the size of the polyp, the thickness of the endometrium can reach 6 cm.

The insufficiently developed inner layer of the uterus - the hypoplastic endometrium - is not a disease. Such an endometrium is observed with a weak effect of ovarian hormones and does not require treatment - it is simply observed.

In cases where atypical endometrial hyperplasia It recurs and there is a great risk of its transition to an oncological form, surgical intervention is applied - remove the overgrown layer of the mucous uterus. The procedure is high-precision, fast and completely safe, thanks to modern technology.

Other methods of treatment of a complicated disease is polyp removal - polypectomy, and removal of the uterus along with the appendages - hysterectomy. Hysterectomy, as a rule, is used for severe, complicated by the development of atypia, forms, internal polyps, myomas.

In many respects the effectiveness of surgical intervention depends on how effective is preoperative hormonal therapy, which allows to significantly reduce the volume of the foci of hyperplastic endometrium. Often, combined treatment is used, combining several methods, for example, surgical treatment with hormone therapy.

Atypical endometrial hyperplasia Diagnosed with:

• Transvaginal ultrasound;
• Echogasterosalpingography (Echo-GHA);
• Hysteroscopy (GHA);
• Endometrial biopsy;

For the prevention of disease it is necessary:

• Passage of a preventive gynecological examination once or twice a year (even if no complaints are available);
• Treatment of various accompanying extragenital diseases (diabetes, obesity, hypertension, etc.);
• Diagnosis and subsequent treatment of diseases of the genital area (uterine myoma, adenomyosis, etc.);
• Getting rid of excess weight.

Periodic examinations at the specialists will allow to reveal in time a terrible disease and at times increase the chances for a full and rapid recovery.