Dysplasia in children

A defect in the formation of the hip joint or dysplasia in children is one of the most common native anomalies among people of the white race. This pathology occurs from 5 to 6 percent in all newborns. Unfortunately, the direct cause of the disease of a particular child can not be established. The formation of such an anomaly occurs most often in the period of intrauterine development, and the existing changes increase in the perinatal period. However, before giving birth, it is impossible to say in the affirmative whether the child will have dysplasia. It should be noted that dysplasia in newborns is treatable in the first year of life, in which full recovery is possible, and the normal development of joints in the future.

This pathology can occur in different parts of the body. Hip dysplasia refers primarily to the acetabulum. Untreated and untreated dysplasia in children with time can limit the mobility of joints and lead to limp, while in adults it leads to ostearthrosis of the hip. Dysplasia can relate to one or at once two joints.

Predominant factors for the onset of this anomaly are such moments as hypochlorism in pregnancy (the minimum level of amniotic fluid and a small stomach contributes to the close development of the fetus), the large weight of the child, the wrong fetal position , the breech presentation or the asymmetry of the limbs formed in the womb. About 80% of pregnancies have the so-called first position of the fetus. In this position, the child with the left thigh touches the sacrum and spine of the mother, while the right leg and thigh point to the soft belly of the mother. For this reason, the left leg has less mobility and less developed depression. Therefore very often dysplasia in children is diagnosed on the left joint.

In addition to biochemical factors, genetic factors also influence the development of dysplasia. If in the childhood the parents diagnosed this pathology, there is a high probability that their children will have problems. Another factor is the sex of the child. After all, it is proved that girls are subject to dysplasia five times more often than boys. This is due to hormonal theory. In the last phase of pregnancy, there is an increase in the production of hormones in the uterus (relaxin), the active substance of which relaxes the tissues of the uterus, preparing for childbirth. These hormones also act to weaken the connective tissues of the fetus, including hip joints. The female fetus is more sensitive to the action of hormones, which is explained by the significant percentage of diagnosed dysplasia in girls.

It should be noted that dysplasia in children before the year is diagnosed only after special studies. Each newborn must be examined by a neonatologist or orthopedist and, with the slightest suspicion of pathology, additional orthopedic and sonographic examinations, such as X-rays or ultrasound, should be performed. Best of all, if the tests are done during the first month of life. Unfortunately, sometimes an orthopedic examination is not enough to diagnose dysplasia. You need to have a lot of experience in order to suspect an abnormality by palpation. Visually, dysplasia is checked by dilating the baby's legs on both sides. If a click is heard during the procedure, there is a suspicion of a pathology. Evenness and the number of folds are also indicators of the normal formation of the joint.

The ideal model of orthopedic examination of a child includes an examination by an orthopedic surgeon and ultrasound in the first month of life. If no pathology is found, these studies need to be completed three more times during the first year - at 3, 7 and 12 months. If dysplasia is found on the first examination, the frequency of subsequent tests is determined by the doctor at least once every 4-6 weeks.

It should be borne in mind that dysplasia in children, diagnosed after two years of life, can not be corrected with the help of medical procedures. In this case, surgical intervention is possible.