Demographic groups: brief description

Population is the ratio and interaction of people within certain social communities. Life processes occur within the whole of mankind, in individual countries, as well as in regions and small settlements. The study of this subject is engaged in demography. This word came to us from the Greek language and in translation means "people" and "I write". This science studies the structure (demographic groups - composition and development) and dynamics (fertility, mortality, migration) of the population. For modern sociology, it is topical and important to solve problems related to demography. As a result of scientific research, a specific state policy is developed. And since its main object is the reproduction of the population, it directs all its forces to achieve positive prospects in this regard. Further in the article we will consider in more detail what demographic groups are.

Population structure

The social system includes socio-demographic groups. They are divided into the following categories:

• Sex and age;
• Family;
• Genetic.

These types are indicators of birth statistics, mortality, conclusion and dissolution of marriages, migration of residents between different countries. Demographic groups can be characterized by such characteristics as: the number of years, gender, marital status, place of birth and residence.

Sex and age structures

These demographic groups suggest connections between women and men inhabiting some territory. It is also in the relationship between people of different birth years. The tool analyzing this species is the "pyramid". With the help of it, one can study the organization of the reproduction of the population. The diagram lines will be quiet if the birth rate and mortality rate do not differ or deviate from the norm.

Family structures

These demographic groups are associations characterized by the number, size, relationship between individual members of the family and its composition. Of particular importance are the indicators of marital status: married, (not married), single, widowed, divorced, divorced from a partner. When studying this species, the human composition is also taken into account, which is distinguished by different characteristics. We are talking about the number of generations in the family, the completeness of married couples, the number of underage children, the age of the child and the degree of kinship between several categories of relatives. In the system of this structure, all "cells of society" represent certain demographic groups. Examples of such associations are as follows:

• Simple (without relatives and children);
• Complicated (with brothers, sisters, etc.);
• With one or more children (full or incomplete).

Considering to what social classes a man and a woman are in pairs (the same or different), homogeneous (homogeneous) and heterogeneous (heterogeneous) families are distinguished.

Genetic categories

These demographic groups are formed by the ratio of people born in a certain locality and visitors who have settled on it. Of the second category, certain subspecies are distinguished. They are characterized in accordance with the residence time.

Youth as a separate demographic group

The lower age limit starts at age 14. It is in these years that a person begins to be considered physically mature and efficient. He can choose independently, study it further or combine it with paid work. The upper limit is determined by the age at which people achieve professional experience, economic independence, personal permanence. They create families and give birth to children. This period is very important for a person. He manifests himself not only as the creator of the "cell of society", but also as an individual who has learned a certain system of knowledge, norms and values of society. The population in Russia, since 1989, has fallen sharply. Modern sources indicate a figure below 30 million, but there is no precise indicator yet. The population census, which is planned in the near future, will be able to indicate the exact number of representatives of modern youth. Due to the fall in the birth rate in Russia, the "young generation" is aging: the number of 25-29-year-olds is increasing. The able-bodied youth makes 41% of the population of Russia. Of these, 22.3 million people contributed to the development of the national economy. But to date, there is a decline in the participation of young people in the work of this sphere. Builders, workers, and drivers are becoming fewer and fewer. The younger generation tends to break out of villages and towns into cities. In this regard, there are changes in the structure of the non - productive sphere. Over the past 10 years, the number of youth in the villages has fallen by 25%. At the moment only 9% of the young generation is made up of the rural population of Russia.