Crank-connecting mechanism: let's understand

The modern engine consists of many systems, among which there is a lubrication system, a fuel system and an ignition system. All of them change with time, change, become more perfect. But there are other details that have remained unchanged throughout the entire time of its existence. For example, the crank mechanism. The fact is that from the very invention he remained in its original form.

Its application is quite wide and it is not limited to internal combustion engines. It is used in such units where forward motion is required , since only it is able to provide not only the same period of such movements, but also a constant stroke, which is limited by the length of the crankshaft's knee.

The crank-and-rod mechanism was applied first to the steam installation, after which, after the invention of the internal combustion engine, it was transferred to the latest design. There are two types of such installations: one transmits force from the crankshaft to a part that performs translational motion, the second receives this force from the piston that is at the other end of the connecting rod.

Consider the purpose of each part separately. The main part is the crankshaft. It can transfer force to the connecting rod or, conversely, receive it. It is made of high-strength steels, most often, of cast iron. It also houses a flywheel, which serves to save the energy received. Many motorists install a lightweight flywheel on their engine, which makes the crank mechanism more mobile. It simply grows faster.

Now let's talk about the connecting rod. It is also made of hard grades of steel, because the pressure on it can be huge. In addition, its rod has the form of an I-beam channel, since its deformation is fraught with serious consequences, which will damage the cylinder.

The crank mechanism has a greater torque than the rotary engines, since it uses the principle of lever action, that is, its force is proportional to the length of the knee. Hence the conclusion: the larger the knee, the higher the torque. The next detail is the piston. The piston can propel the crankshaft, as in an internal combustion engine, or get the force from it, as in compressors. It is usually made of aluminum, because it requires soft metal, so as not to damage the cylinder walls in case of touch. On the circumference of the circumference there are grooves in which piston rings are inserted, they serve to compact and increase the pressure. In this case, the gases are doing a great job.

The crank mechanism of the engine is calculated to obtain the average torque and speed, since a shift to one indicator leads to a loss in the other. The method of increasing the first is described above, but in this case the piston will have to travel a greater distance, which affects the "ceiling" of the revolutions.

Assembling the engine VAZ does not differ from the above. It should be remembered that all the details of the crank must be carefully lubricated, as it rotates very quickly. From the very beginning of production between the mating parts under pressure, an oil film is created, which significantly reduces wear.