Conditionally pathogenic microflora. The most known conditionally pathogenic microorganisms

Most of the living matter of the Earth is represented by microbes. At the moment this fact is established accurately. Completely a person can not be isolated from them, and they have the opportunity to live in it or on it without causing harm.

About microbes

On the surface of the human body, on the inner shells of its hollow organs is placed a whole crowd of microorganisms of various colors and kinds. Among them, optional (they can both be present and not) and obligate (there are necessarily every person). What is a conditionally pathogenic microflora?

The process of evolution affected the body's relationship with the microbes present in it and led to a dynamic equilibrium controlled by the human immune system and some competition of various types of microbes, which is considered the norm.

However, this community of microbes also contains those that can cause some kind of disease in conditions that often do not depend on them. This is a conditionally pathogenic microflora. These microorganisms are large enough, for example, they include some species of clostridia, staphylococci and escherichia.

The person and the bacteria living in his organism have quite a varied relationship. Most of the microbiocenosis (microflora) is represented by microorganisms coexisting with a person in symbiosis. In other words, we can say that the relationship with him is of benefit to them (protection against ultraviolet radiation, nutrients, constant humidity and temperature, etc.). At the same time, bacteria also bring the organism of the wearer a benefit in the form of rivalry with pathogens microorganisms and their survival from the territory of their existence, in the form of protein splitting and the synthesis of vitamins. At one time with the bacteria useful in the person there are cohabitants that do not cause much harm in small quantities, but become disease-prone under certain circumstances. These are conditionally pathogenic microorganisms.

Definition

Conditionally pathogenic are called microorganisms, which are a large group of fungi, bacteria, protozoa and viruses that live with a person in symbiosis, but which, under certain conditions, cause a variety of pathological processes. To the list of the most widespread and known can be attributed representatives of the genera: aspergillus, proteus, candida, enterobacter, pseudomonas, streptococcus, escherichia and many others.

What else is interesting about the opportunistic microflora?

Scientists can not define a clear boundary between conditionally pathogenic, pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes, since their pathogenicity in most cases determines the state of the organism. Thus, it can be said that the microflora, which was revealed during the study in an absolutely healthy person, can cause another disease in the other with a subsequent fatal outcome.

The manifestation of pathogenic properties in conditionally pathogenic microorganisms can be only during a sharp decrease in the resistance of the organism. A healthy person constantly has these microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract, on the skin and mucous membranes, but they do not cause him to develop pathological changes and inflammatory reactions.

Conditionally pathogenic microflora for the time being is not dangerous for humans. But there are nuances.

Therefore, conditionally pathogenic microbes are called opportunists, because they use any favorable opportunity for intensive reproduction.

In what cases should you be afraid of such an infection?

On the occurrence of problems, however, you can talk in the case when for some reason the immunity is greatly reduced, and this was found during the survey. The conditionally pathogenic microflora is then really dangerous to health.

This is possible in some situations: in case of severe respiratory viral infection, acquired or congenital immunodeficiency (HIV infection including), in diseases that reduce immunity (diseases of the cardiovascular system and blood, diabetes mellitus, malignant tumors and others), taking medications , Which depress the immune system (chemotherapy for cancer, corticosteroids, cytostatics and others), with hypothermia, severe stress, extreme physical exertion or other extreme environmental influences the second medium, during lactation or pregnancy. Each such factor individually and in combination of several of them is especially capable of causing conditional pathogenic bacteria to develop a sufficiently serious infection and become a threat to human health. When is it necessary to sow on the microflora?

Staphylococcus aureus

In doctoral practice, the following situations are often encountered: when a positive test for a Staphylococcus aureus from the nose, throat, breast milk or skin surface is obtained, an absolutely healthy person can get too excited and require specialist therapy, including antibiotics. This concern can be easily explained, but often it is groundless, because almost half of the people of the world have Staphylococcus aureus and do not even suspect it. This microorganism is the inhabitant of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract and skin. This is typical for such a category as conditionally pathogenic microorganisms.

He is also the possessor of phenomenal resistance to various environmental factors: exposure to a variety of antibiotics, treatment with antiseptics, cooling and boiling. This reason affects what you can not almost get rid of. All household appliances, surfaces in the house, toys and furniture are seeded by it. And only the ability of the skin's immunity to weaken the activity of this microorganism saves a large part of people from death due to infectious complications. Otherwise, the growth of opportunistic microflora, and in particular of staphylococcus, would not be stopped.

It can be concluded that the only factor with which Staphylococcus aureus can not cope is human immunity. The high-risk category occurs when human protection is weakened. In this case, it can cause serious illnesses, such as pneumonia, meningitis, as well as infectious lesions of soft tissues and skin (phlegmon, abscess, panaritium and others), cystitis, pyelonephritis and others. The only possible treatment for staphylococcus is the use of antibiotics, to which this microorganism is sensitive. What is the conditionally pathogenic intestinal microflora?

E. coli

The E. coli is considered a natural inhabitant in the lower part of the digestive tract in every person. Without it, the intestine could not function fully, because it is very important for the digestive process. Including this microorganism contributes to the production of vitamin K, involved in the process of blood-clotting, and prevents the too active development of disease-causing pathogenic strains of intestinal bacteria.

The E. coli can not exist for a long time outside the host organism, since the conditions for finding the intestinal mucosa on the surface are most comfortable for it. But this very useful and harmless bacterium can also serve as a source of real danger when it enters the abdominal cavity or the lumen of other organs. This becomes possible when entering intestinal flora in the urinary tract, vagina or with peritonitis (the appearance of a hole that serves as an outlet for the contents of the intestine). Such a mechanism leads to the appearance of prostatitis, vulvovaginitis, cystitis, urethritis and other diseases. Need regular planting on the microflora.

Greasy streptococcus

Greening streptococcus also refers to bacteria of a conditionally pathogenic nature, since it is found in most people. His favorite localization is the oral cavity, or rather the mucous membrane that covers the gums, and the tooth enamel. Including this microbe is found in smears from the nose and throat. The peculiarities of the greening streptococcus is that in saliva with an elevated glucose content it is capable of destroying the tooth enamel, causing pulpitis or caries. A smear on conditionally pathogenic microflora is performed by a doctor.

Prevention

It can be said that moderate consumption of sweet and simple oral hygiene after eating is the best prevention of these diseases. In addition, sometimes greening streptococcus causes the manifestation of other ailments: tonsillitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis. The most serious diseases that can cause green streptococcus are meningitis, pneumonia, endocarditis and pyelonephritis. However, they develop only in a very small category of people, which can be attributed to a group of high risk.

And if bakposev - normal, and conditionally pathogenic microflora is not found? This situation happens quite often. This means a variant of the norm.

Treatment

The only correct method of therapy for E. coli, green streptococcus and staphylococcus is the use of antibiotics. But it must be accompanied by certain indications, to which carriage does not apply, if it is asymptomatic.