Chainsaw device and operating principle

Chainsaw is a tool designed for processing wood with the help of mechanical energy of combustible fuel. Among the main elements in the design can be identified chain, tire and engine. Thanks to them, the fuel energy is converted into a mechanical one, which allows to significantly reduce the work load.

History of creation

The design, which is used in modern saws, appeared in the IX century. However, only in the XX century. People began to use a variety of types of drives, which made it possible to simplify and speed up the sawing process.

Unfortunately, there is no reliable information about who invented the chainsaw. It is known that the first person who started using a chainsaw on a fuel engine is Andreas Steele. In honor of him, one of the best brands is named. The device of the chain saw "Calm" will be considered a little lower.

Classification

The main types of saws include 3 types:

• Household. They have a simple design and are designed for simple work. For example, cut a small tree on your site. They are light in weight and comfortable in design.
• Semi-professional. Have a large field of application, but can not be used daily for 8-10 hours. Most often they cut off knots on logging.
• Professional. A powerful tool designed for daily work of 10-16 hours a day throughout the year. They are made of strong materials and are used for felling wood.

Chainsaw device

It consists of the following components:

• Chain. This is a set of individual links of a certain size, closed in a ring. Serious consideration should be given to choosing a chain. In non-professional saws, it has a shallow step and a reduced vibration. In others the distance between the teeth is larger. It allows you to significantly increase productivity. When replacing, it should be remembered that elements of different production may not be suitable for each other.
• Tire. This is a metal plate having a small thickness. It is designed to fix the chain. In household saws, the cavities between the metal layers are filled with a special polyamide. Professional equipped with additional interchangeable heads. The tire can be of different lengths, which is indicated in the data sheet specifically for each saw separately. With improperly sized dimensions, accelerated wear and increased fuel consumption occur.
• Chain wheel and two-stroke engine, which drives the chain. Works on gasoline, mixed with oil in a certain proportion.

Chainsaw with additional options

When choosing a tool, you need to pay attention to the weight, power, the presence of protective devices and auxiliary elements.

Vibration protection and start-up help

The fluctuations arising during work, greatly affect human health. Especially suffer joints. The vibration protection system allows you to maintain your health and improve your working comfort.

The start system allows you to stop the chainsaw for some time intervals and it is easy to start it if necessary. It helps a lot when you have to move often between trees.

Adjusting the carburetor

Most chainsaws do not need additional settings. But sometimes adjusting screws and levers are used to improve performance. They are necessary for setting the optimal working speed.

Chainsaw device "Calm"

The firm is the most popular and popular. It should be considered a design on a certain model of this manufacturer.

STIHL MS 180 is used for working with trees and harvesting wood. Its weight is about 4 kg, length - 0.35 m and power - 1.5 kW. Power comes from a gasoline engine running on fuel with an octane number of 90 and diluted with half oil.

The chain saw "Shtil-180" does not differ from most other brands and has the following structural elements:

• Casing.
• The tire, the chain and its tensioner. For long interruptions in work, store them in a container with oil.
• Screw for adjustment.
• 4 shock absorber. Allows you to significantly reduce the level of vibration.
• 2 fuel tanks with stoppers.
• Carburetor. It is set up at the factory and does not require intervention, but only timely maintenance.
• Valve.
• Chain catcher with brake.
• Star.
• Levers for switching and feeding fuel.
• Silencer of noise.
• The emphasis.
• 2 protection for the hands.

The device of the chainsaw "Ural"

In the city of Perm, one of the most popular brands of chainsaws is produced. This is a professional tool that is designed to perform heavy work. But its use is also possible under more simple conditions. According to the technical passport, it is possible to operate the instrument at temperatures from -40 to +40 degrees.

For refueling, a mixture of gasoline grade A-72 or A-93 with engine oil is used.

Chainsaw device:

• The engine, whose power is 3.68 kW.
• Frame.
• System for eliminating vibration.
• Chain with automatic brake and tension.
• Tire.
• Reducer.
• Levers for control.
• Gidroklin. Used to specify the direction.
• "Start / stop" button.
• Tank with fuel capacity of 1.6 liters.
• Asterisks and steering wheel.

The device of a chainsaw "Friendship"

Like the chainsaw "Ural", it consists of the basic elements that are inherent in all tools. It is an engine, a tank with fuel, a tire with a chain, a reducer, a frame and a starting control system.

Also in the design are additional nodes. It is a crankshaft with a connecting rod, a coupling with a driving and driven disk, a cooling system, power and ignition.

A two-stroke gasoline engine is installed in the saw . The fuel is in the main tank, and the oil is in the extra tank. However, such chainsaws can not be filled with pure gasoline. Use a mixture diluted with oil in the required proportions. Thanks to this, all working parts of the saw are lubricated.

Before starting work, check the chain tension. If it sags, then it should be tightened. This will extend the life of the sprocket, tire and shock absorbers. For improved start-up, a brake with a handle, a lever for adjusting the damper and a starter cord are used.

Device of chainsaw "Partner"

This is one of the leading companies that specializes in the production of household and semi-professional tools. The most popular and popular models are the Partner 350S and P351 XT CHROME. They are perfect for work in the country, in a village or a private house.

The body of the saw consists of light plastic, and the crankcase is made of metal. This allows you to protect the bottom of the instrument for a longer period of time.

The anti-vibration system allows to reduce the return, and the handles of convenient shape provide a comfortable grip. The cylinder is made of chrome. It improves the heat sink and increases the life of the engine.

The fuel supercharger is located above the tank. It allows you to speed up the process of starting the chainsaw. The fuel pump removes air from the carburettor.

The chain brake operates automatically or, if necessary, can be switched on manually.

The device of a chainsaw "Husqvarna"

This is the leader in the production of amateur instruments, which also produces semi-professional models. The chainsaw device can be considered using the example of Husqvarna 570.

Consists of the following units and elements:

• The engine capacity is 1.6 kW.
• A tire with a guide and an asterisk. It has 2 versions: length 13 and 15 inches.
• Chain. The thickness of the 1-link is 1.3 mm.
• The adjusting screw of a tension.
• Handles of the starter.
• Chain brake.
• 2 tanks for fuel and oil.
• Cylinder cover.
• Ignition system and carburetor.
• Throttle and throttle adjustment levers.
• Muffler.
• Protective cover under the right hand.

Chain saw chain saws

Over time, the chain begins to wear out, and the work is greatly slowed down. It is very easy to recognize that sharpening is required. The applied forces are increased, the chips become shallow, and the working part ceases to climb into the wood.

Sharpening is given great attention. This process requires skill and endurance. It depends on the shape of the tooth and the type of tree that will be sawed.

Sharpening with a file is the easiest and most economical way. Clamps and templates are used as adaptations. The first helps to keep the tire in a stationary state, and the second - to select and fix the correct angle. After this, the risk of doing something improperly decreases, because during the sharpening process the locale moves along the tire with the help of rollers.

The choice of file depends on the size of the chain. Using the flat removes the limiter of the tooth.

An important condition is the observance of a certain angle of sharpening. To do this, some manufacturers leave marks on which the process is easy to control.

Sometimes the cutting edge loses its shape, and you can not restore it. If you do not use another device, repair of the chainsaw will be necessary in the very near future. Improper operation of the circuit will lead to inevitable breakdowns.

In such cases, the grinding machine is used. It happens with a manual and electric drive. By removing and fixing the chain, and also choosing the correct angle, you can proceed to the process.

There are several ways to sharpen. Consecutive means that each tooth is treated separately and one after another. The difference is only in polarity. When sharpening through the tooth, every second is processed, and the polarity is preserved.

In large-scale production, automatic chain sharpening is used. The method is the fastest and most demanded. The saw is fixed in the machine with a grinding stone and is turned on. The chain begins to move and sharpen. This method is simple, fast and does not require special skills.

Sharpening the chain with a grinder. Many call this method barbarous and rude. But if you master it, it will become very effective and in demand. It will take a circle to work on metal with already planted edges and a wooden layer. It is installed between the circuit and the bus.

With a good eye and an experienced hand, the number of notches can be large, which will allow the saw to work longer.

This method has significant advantages over others. It allows you to reduce time, effort and money.

Nuances when sharpening the chain

Among the drawbacks when sharpening the file can be highlighted the need for a large amount of time and rapid wear of the tool.

When using a hand-held machine, you can not chain the chain to a greater depth. This will reduce the power and strength of the teeth.

After grinding, the chain should be cleaned with compressed air and allowed to rest for several hours.

The method requires a lot of time and effort, as well as large cash investments. In addition, it is necessary to have several interchangeable circuits in order not to interrupt the working schedule.

Using Bulgar, one should be very careful and cautious. With a lack of experience, you can not only damage the chain, but also injure yourself. Before you take the Bulgarians in your hands, you should provide yourself with personal protective equipment.

Select a manufacturer

Undoubtedly, European companies producing chainsaws are leaders in markets in any country. The products are characterized by quality, reliability and long service life. However, the cost of it is above average.

Therefore, it is worth paying attention to companies that produce budget options. The device of a chainsaw of the Chinese assembly can be not much worse, and it is cheaper to cost.

If the tool is necessary for small works in the garden or in the suburban area, then it is not necessary to purchase an expensive and heavy professional model. The Chinese version is perfect for home use. It is much easier to operate, not so heavy, and the cost is much cheaper than that of European firms.