Calculation of the boiler's heating capacity. Heating system

The boiler serves as the basis for the heating system. It is his productivity that has a direct impact on the communication network's ability to provide the home with the required amount of heat. If correctly and competently calculate the capacity of the heating boiler, then this will eliminate the need for unnecessary costs associated with the purchase of additional devices and their operation. In the implementation of preliminary calculations, the selection of equipment will be correct, that is, its heat emission, laid down by the manufacturer, will help in maintaining its technical parameters.

Base for settlements

Calculating the capacity of the boiler is a very significant point. As a rule, this parameter can be compared with the entire heat transfer of the heating system, which is designed to provide a house of a certain size, with a given number of floors, as well as the corresponding thermal properties. To equip a small private or country house there is no need to purchase a very powerful boiler.

Autonomous heating and boiler output are calculated depending on the area - this is the main parameter if the heat engineering of the building is considered according to the regional climate. In this case, the most important parameter is the area of the house.

What affects the calculation?

If you want to calculate the power of the heating boiler as accurately as possible, then you can use the technique provided by SNiP II-3-79. In this case, when carrying out professional calculations, it is necessary to consider the following factors:

• Average regional temperature in the winter season;
• The properties of insulating materials used for the erection of the enclosing structures of the house;
• Type of heating circuit distribution;
• The ratio of the areas of bearing structures and openings;
• Information for each room separately.

The subtleties of the calculation process

So, the calculation of house heating should be made on the basis of the house plan, which serves as the most important document for the calculation. For the result to be as accurate as possible, it is also necessary to use information such as the number of units of digital and household appliances, since it also gives heat to the room in a certain way. However, autonomous heating can be organized without the need for such accurate calculations, and buy everything with a small margin. This will be the right decision. Most often, the power of heating boilers is rounded to some value, so purchasing equipment 20-30% more powerful than necessary - this is the correct solution to the problem.

Required parameters

In the most primitive method of calculation, this approach is used: for every 10 square meters of premises of a qualitatively insulated structure with a standard ceiling height, 1 kilowatt is required for the organization of heating. If calculating the capacity of the heating boiler, which is also used for hot water supply, then for correct calculations it is required to add at least 20% more.

For an autonomous heating circuit with unstable pressure in the boiler, it is necessary to add the device, which will increase its power reserve in comparison with the calculated value by at least 15%.

Heat loss accounting

Regardless of whether the calculation of the power of an electric heating boiler or a gas boiler is performed, the operation of the whole system is associated with a certain percentage of heat loss. Ventilating the premises is necessary, and if the windows are constantly open, then for the entire house, heat losses amount to 15% of the energy. If the walls are slightly warmed to compensate for this shortcoming, approximately 35% will be required. Window openings make it take 10% of the heat, and when using old window frames - even more. If there is no insulation of the floors, another 15% of the valuable heat will go to the ground or the basement. The roof is a heat loss of 25%. Before calculating the capacity of the heating boiler, all this must be taken into account and displayed in the calculations.

The simplest formula

In any case, it is required to round off the heat engineering calculations, and also to increase the value obtained to ensure a certain margin. That is why to determine the required value, we can use a rather simple formula:

• W = S × W ud., Where
  
  - S represents the total area of the heated building, taking into account the living and household rooms in the square. M;
  - W is the capacity of the heating boiler, kW;
  - W ud. Is the average specific power used in the context of a specific climatic territory (this characteristic is based on years of experience of different heating systems in the regions).

When the area is multiplied by the indicated index, it is possible to obtain an average power value. It is adjusted based on the features mentioned above.

Electric boilers

Before you buy any equipment, you need to clarify its main characteristics and how they correspond to the features and requirements of your system. Calculating the power of an electric heating boiler is a complicated procedure, but you need to know this parameter, since it will tell you whether the device is suitable for your particular case or not. In the case of such equipment, capacity is a paramount parameter, since this is due to limits established by district power plants. If this value is exceeded, then the probability of activation of the restrictive automata is great, because of what the house can be disconnected from the supply of electrical energy. When choosing equipment of this class, you must base on the permissible capacity, not trying to exceed it, and also correctly calculate the required parameters of the boiler.

At the moment, equipment with fixed and modulated power can be found on sale. Preferred are samples in which the value is constant, so that it is possible to avoid power outages due to exceeding the limit, which often happens with devices with modulated indicators. The choice of this type does not affect the economic indicators of energy consumption. This characteristic only affects the amount of energy that is produced by the heating system from the boiler.

The meaning of the results

The electric heaters use the fans inside the heat exchanger. They are responsible for the power of the whole unit. The heating medium is heated by the operation of the fans and then by means of a circulation pump that delivers everything to the system. For such boilers, as well as other devices of this category, the power is calculated in kilowatts, here we are talking about the parameter of the ten. Depending on the number of heating elements, this parameter can be in the range of 2-60 kW.

What affects the power?

The operating parameters of electrical devices can be different, among them one of the most important is the thermal characteristic necessary for replenishing the heat loss of the building and providing DHW. Calculation of the capacity of the heating boiler in this case is based on such data as: the heated area, the thermal insulation of the building, the materials of the floors and walls, the surface area of the glazing. This set of parameters must be taken into account when carrying out heat engineering calculations for each house, as well as to clarify the energy required for the preparation of hot water.

An electric boiler only for small rooms?

Many are convinced that this type of apparatus can only be used to ensure normal temperatures for small-sized houses, so their power is severely limited. But this is an erroneous statement. At the moment, it is possible to find boilers for sale, which can provide heating of houses with an area of up to 1000 square meters. In this case, there is a question related to the advisability of using such equipment. In such cottages they are usually installed as backup power sources that work when the main one fails. Premises of small dimensions allow the use of equipment characterized by low power. These are single-phase and three-phase boilers. Apparatus whose power is more than 6 kilowatts, can be multi-stage. With their help, you can best save energy, since you can not use them all the time in the autumn-spring period.

Calculation of the capacity of the gas heating boiler

Such equipment has a whole complex of advantages in comparison with electric equipment. These are economical and highly efficient devices that ensure the proper level of heat transfer. Until recently, the installation of gas equipment required a special room - a boiler room. At the moment this is not so an actual requirement, as there are many models with a closed combustion chamber. Calculation of the capacity of the gas heating boiler is performed taking into account the following significant parameters: the area of the room; Specific boiler capacity of 10 square meters, corresponding to the climate in the region. Calculation of heating by area is the most common practice. For specific power for zones with different climate conditions, the following values are available: Moscow suburbs 1,2-1,5 kW; Northern regions 1.5-2.0 kW; The southern regions are 0.7-0.9 kW. Most often, for convenience, the average value is used, which is 1. It turns out that the power is usually preferred, equal to 1 kilowatt for every 10 square meters. M of the room.

conclusions

Typically, the calculation of the boiler's power and heat losses of the building is carried out at the design stage. To ensure the efficiency of the heating system, special conditions must be met - the arrangement of a suitable room, which will be equipped with ventilation and chimney. Now you know how to calculate the heating of the house.