Mixture for masonry of furnaces fireproof: composition and price. What are the proportions of mortar for masonry stoves?

From time immemorial a good stove was considered the basis of a sound house. It was not only a source of heat. She prepared food and even rested. At all times, masonry masters enjoyed great respect among the people. It was their ability to depend on the warmth and comfort in the house on cold winter days. In the process of laying the furnace, there are no unimportant details or trifles. Everything is important here. A special attention is required for mortar for laying the furnace. The proportions of it must be observed accurately. It is also important to choose the right components. Next, consider what the mixture is for the masonry furnaces.

General information

The composition of the mortar for masonry furnaces may include various components. The final result will depend on the quality of the batch. In particular, the mixture for masonry furnaces provides strength, heat resistance and tightness. The disadvantage or, on the contrary, the increased content of any component can lead to breach of integrity, structural cracking, leakage of carbon monoxide. For the construction, ceramic bricks and a clay mix for stoves are used. It is considered the best material for fixing elements. However, it is not always possible to use clay.

Characteristics of the material

What can be the solution for laying the furnace? The proportions of astringent components determine the purpose of the material. So, it can be used directly for connecting and fixing elements of a structure or serve for finishing. Mixture for masonry stoves can include not one, but two astringent components. In addition to clay, for example, cement is used. The filler will stiffen the frozen solution. A small overabundance of this component will not do much harm to the quality of the design. But it will significantly reduce the strength, even a slight excess of the proportion of astringent component. In this case we are talking about clay. Therefore, it is believed that the lower it is in solution, the higher its quality will be. But completely replace clay with lime or cement is not worth it. According to the consistency, the mixture for laying the stoves must be viscous and sufficiently ductile. But at the same time it should not be liquid or crumble. On the body of the furnace, thick joints are not allowed. Their optimal size is 1-3 millimeters. Sand grain should not be more than 1 mm. When using a larger fraction, the amount of sand will change. Its exact proportions will depend on the quality of the clay. So, "lean" requires a reduction in volume, and the fatty is diluted by the ratio of 1 part clay and 2 parts sand. For quality clay and fine-grained filler, the proportion is 1: 1.

Additives

At its discretion, the master can include cement and salt in the solution . According to the standard, mixing is not expected. But if the decision is made to make a complex solution, then you need to observe the following proportions: for 10 kilograms of clay, you need 150 g of salt, 1 kg of cement grade M400. Also, you need two buckets of sand and clay. This amount is enough for laying a hundred bricks.

Mixing and quality control

First clay is poured into the trough. It should be filled with water in a small volume. Clay is left for a period of six hours to two days so that it is soaked. During this time, it is stirred. For example, you can put on rubber shoes and trample clay. Water should be taken 1/4 of the available volume of raw materials. Then added sifted sand. Mix the entire mixture with a shovel. The consistency can be checked by the behavior of the mass. If the solution from the shovel slides slowly, then the mixing can be completed. To determine plasticity, a small flagellum of 20 cm long and 1.5 cm thick should be blinded. It should be connected around a five-centimeter wooden blank. Stretch the flagella evenly. If it is torn, the ends should be sharp. If there are no cracks in the bend, the solution is too greasy. Accordingly, in the presence of numerous discontinuities, the mass is "lean." In the second case, add clay, and in the first - sand. As a result, it is necessary to obtain several small cracks in the bend.

Classification of materials

It is not recommended to use a clay mixture in the part of the chimney that rises above the roof. This is due to the fact that due to the accumulation of condensate on the clay, cracks appear and it collapses. To prevent such situations, the mixture for laying stoves is prepared using a calcareous dough. The same option is suitable for constructing the foundation of a structure. For the solution, 1 part of the calcareous dough and 3 parts of sand are used. To obtain the first component, it is necessary to mix 1 part of lime (quicklime) and 3 parts of water. The consistency of the main component is similar to a softened fatty clay. The density of a quality limy test is 1400 kg / cc. M. It is also possible to purchase ready-mixed stove mixes. Extinguishing of lime in the factory is carried out in special rooms using the machines intended for this purpose. It is not recommended to make the dough by yourself. This is due to the fact that lime can cause burns of the respiratory tract and skin. The fat content of the dough affects the amount of sand added. If it is increased, it will take 5 parts of the filler. In this case, the consistency of the solution will be normal. Before mixing the components, the dough must be wiped through a sieve, the cells of which should be 1 x 1 cm. By adding water, the required consistency of the solution is obtained in the end.

Use of cement

This component will increase the strength of the solution. The resulting mass with two astringent components and a filler has a high resistance to moisture. High-quality refractory mixtures for masonry stoves, chimneys and foundations are obtained by mixing the components in the following ratio:

• 1 part of cement;
• 2 pieces of lime test;
• 8-10 parts of sand.

First of all, it is necessary to mix the first and last components. Together with this, in another container, the dough is diluted with water to a viscous state. After that, add dry ingredients. The whole mass is mixed. To obtain the required viscosity, water is added in small volumes.

Heat-resistant mixture for masonry furnaces

To add more strength to the material, also add concrete. According to its operational properties, this solution will not yield to calcareous. Hardening of concrete mass begins after 45 minutes. Before mixing the components, they are passed through a sieve. Then sand is poured into the prepared container, and on top of it - cement. This mass is mixed until a uniform composition is obtained. Then water is added. With mixing, it is necessary to achieve a viscous consistency. The solution should not be too liquid or thick. For the construction of a monolithic furnace, the following components are used:

• 1 part Portland cement (M400);
• Sand - 2 parts;
• Brick crushed stone - 2 parts;
• Chamotte sand - 0.3 parts.