Asphyxia of newborns.

Asphyxia of newborns is a pathological condition of the newborn, which is caused by a violation in breathing and, as a consequence, the occurrence of oxygen deficiency. Asphyxia of newborns can be of two types: primary (at birth) and secondary (at the very beginning of life).

Primary asphyxia of the fetus and newborn occurs due to acute, chronic intrauterine oxygen deficiency. It is also caused by various extragenital diseases of the pregnant woman (severe lung diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, severe anemia, infectious diseases, thyrotoxicosis and others), pregnancy overdose, late toxicosis, umbilical cord pathology, premature placental abruption, various complications during labor Untimely activity of amniotic fluid, incompatibility of the size of the pelvis with the fetal head, improper position of the fetal head and other abnormalities of the generic Ity). The cause of secondary asphyxia of the newborn can be a violation in the cerebral circulation of the fetus, pneumopathy, etc.

Violation of breathing is an alarming call and a reason to think about whether asphyxia of newborns has appeared. The consequences can be very sad - a change in cardiac activity and hemodynamics is possible. In medical work, three types of asphyxia are accepted: mild, moderate and severe.

With light asphyxiation, the child at the first minute makes the first breath, but his breathing is very weak, there is a decrease in muscle tone. The average degree of asphyxia is distinguishable by the fact that when it appears, the child also, as in the previous case, makes the first breath in the first minute, his muscles are also very relaxed, the skin is blue, mostly in the area of the hands and head, the breathing is weak, the cries are not Differ in vigor, as a rule, there is bradycardia or tachycardia, the cord strongly pulsates.

In severe cases, the child makes very weak and rare breaths, or they are completely absent, the child does not make cries, sometimes moans, the heart rate is very slow, sometimes replaced by unstable contractions of the heart, there are no reflexes, there is muscle atony or hypotension. Because of spasm of peripheral vessels, the skin is very pale, the umbilical cord does not produce pulsation, in some cases adrenal insufficiency develops .

Asphyxia of newborns causes such consequences as the development during the first hours of life of posthypoxic syndrome, the main manifestation of which is the defeat of the central nervous system as a whole. In this case, there are serious consequences. Every third child, who has asphyxia in moderate severity, has abnormalities in the work of cerebral circulation of 1 and 2 complications. And in all children with grade 3 asphyxia there is a disturbance of cerebrospinal fluid and cerebral circulation of the second and third degree.

Asphyxia of newborns requires resuscitation. The effectiveness of treatment depends on how timely the necessary measures have been taken. Activities related to resuscitation are carried out in a special room - the delivery room, equipped with all the necessary devices for life support: heart rate, respiratory rate and its permeability, parameters of blood pressure, acid-base state and hematocrit.

Prevention of asphyxiation is the application of a number of rules, which must adhere to the woman in childbirth. This is primarily timely examination for complications, as well as normal nutrition, rejection of bad habits and proper rest, and the absence of overstresses and stress. Remember, health is much more expensive.