Connecting electricity to the house. Rules for connecting electricity to the house

At the dacha it is possible to live without water supply and sewerage. However, without such a procedure, as connecting a new house to electricity (LEP), its owners, of course, can not do. More recently, for connection to the common electrical network, no permits were required from the state authorities. The owner of suburban construction had only to install the meter and register it. Today the situation has radically changed.

First steps

So, let's talk in more detail about how the electricity is connected to the house. And to begin with, we'll figure out what is necessary to obtain permission for this.

When designing a project, the house should also include a detailed scheme for its electrification. One of the mandatory operations in this case should be the calculation of the total capacity of all those household appliances that are intended to be used in the future. This will not only correctly calculate the cross section of the wiring cables and the parameters of additional equipment, but it will also be useful for obtaining permission to connect to the power line network.

Having determined the necessary capacity (preferably with some reserve), the owner of the house must go to the local energy supply organization and get a technological connection agreement there . Technical specifications will be attached to it. The latter are issued in a letter addressed to the director of the supplier company. To get the contract, among other things, you will need to write an application and provide the specialists of the power supply organization with documents confirming the ownership of the house and the site, as well as the plan of the latter.

Specifications

In this annex, the contract details how the electricity connection to the house will be made. It can be, for example, the connection of an ordinary new line or reinforced, the replacement of an old one, or perhaps even the installation of a new substation. The latter may be needed in the event that the building is located very far from the power line itself. That is, in fact, this application describes the requirements that the owner of the house must comply with for obtaining a permit.

Collection of documents

Connection of the cottage to electricity begins with the installation of a meter, an ASP and a cable to the power line (to the point of connection). All these operations, including the selection of equipment, must be carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of the Specification. Then the owner of the house will need to contact the local REC to receive the act of entering. This document is handed over to him in hands after checking by the experts of the organization of the connection scheme, inspection of the ASP and the metering unit (counter) and sealing the latter.

The owner of the house from the RES must also be provided with a document such as the "Balance of Accounts Delimitation Act". It defines the boundaries of operational responsibility with the supplying company.

Conformity check

Connecting a country house to electricity (LEP) is possible only after inspection of the meter, the ASP and the cable by the representative of the power supply company. In the event that no violations are revealed, the owner of the building will receive another document - "The act of fulfilling the specifications". Next, the actual contract for the supply of electricity will be concluded.

Connection procedure

It is forbidden to connect the supply cable to the power lines independently by modern standards. The electricity is connected to the house only by the workers of the supplying company. Its representatives leave on a place and connect the cable prepared by the owner of the house to a power line.

Ways to connect

Next, we'll look at what actions you might need to perform on the TU and how. Electricity can be connected to a private house in two ways - air and underground. Most often, the first method is used. The matter is that underground connection is more expensive and technically considered more complicated. This method is chosen only in exceptional cases.

Air connection

In addition to cheapness, this connection of the house to electricity (to the power line) is also distinguished by the simplicity of installation and maintenance. Repair or replace the wiring in case of need will be completely uncomplicated. The procedure is as follows:

• The wire from the power line is introduced into the ASP. At the input, an automatic three-pole switch must be installed.
• Then the wire is pulled to the electricity meter.
• Then connect to a four-pole Difa Automaton.
• In the same part, there should be automatic single-pole home lighting switches configured for one phase.
• For the lighting and power subsystem, separate RCDs must be provided.
• For yard lighting and power supply of economic buildings in the shield, a separate section is provided.

You can hang the ASU either on the wall of the house outside or inside, and on the pole itself. From it, the wires are put into the building itself, wiring is carried out through the rooms. The meter can be located both in the ASP itself and in the house on the wall. It is also right to choose this accounting device.

Counter Requirements

Such a procedure as the connection of a cottage house to electricity, should be made, as already mentioned, with the selection of equipment that meets the specifications. This, of course, also touches the meter.

According to GOST 6570-96, in residential buildings, electric energy meters with working current of at least 30 A and class of accuracy of at least 2.0 should be installed. Otherwise, the choice of the counter depends solely on the personal preferences of the owner of the house. Of course, if the additional parameters are not separately specified in the technical specification. Sometimes, for example, supplying companies require homeowners to install only electric meters. Of course, the technical conditions should indicate the number of necessary phases of the device. Typically, for private homes choose devices with a current of more than 50 A.

Requirements for ASP

So, the electricity connection to the private house is done through the input device. Structurally, it consists of the following elements:

• Input wires that can be single-phase or three-phase.
• Terminal contacts designed to connect the incoming and outgoing cables to consumers.
• Switch, with which you can turn on and off the home network.
• Automatic protective switches and RCDs. The last device is responsible for reducing the resistance in the event of a power surge in the network.

In modern switchgear, circuit breakers are often replaced by three - pole circuit breakers. The parameters of the latter are calculated depending on the total capacity of all possible consumers with a small margin.

In addition, it will be necessary to install the main earth bus, to which the neutral wire from the transmission line should be connected. If desired, you can connect to it a neutral wire and already from the ASP. Repeated grounding of the circuit is also made to the GDS. In this device, the neutral wire is divided into a ground and a zero leaving the building.

What should be the lead-in cable

When connecting electricity to a private house, you should choose the right cable, including the outer one. Requirements for the cable connecting the power line to the building wiring are as follows:

• He must have no less than four veins. In this case, it is possible to distribute energy in three phases.
• It is best to install a copper cable.
• The minimum thickness of the input cable is 4 mm.
• The layer of insulation on it must be thick enough and, of course, whole.
• The cable is in a corrugated PVC pipe.
• The wire must have certificates of the Ministry of Emergency Measures and Rostest.

Rules for conducting a wire to the house

To the house itself, the cable must be installed in compliance with the following recommendations:

• The section of a copper cable of 4 mm is designed for a length of not more than 25 m. In the event that the house is located from the power line further, it is best to install intermediate posts.
• Stretch the outer wire so as to exclude its contact with metal elements (parapets of balconies, fences in the yard, etc.).
• If the wiring runs along the outer wall of the building, it should be located no closer than 75 cm to the windows and one meter to the balcony. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the possible oscillation of the wires.
• Through the wall, the cable must be held in the insulating pipe.

The rules for connecting electricity to the house by laying the cable underground

Next, let's talk a little about this method of connecting the house network to the power line. With an underground connection, the cable is pushed down the post. At a height of up to three meters from the ground, it must be protected from mechanical damage by a steel pipe. From the pillar to the house digs a trench depth from 70 cm to 1 m. When laying the cable along the building, the ditch is excavated at a distance of at least 70 cm from the foundation of the house. Under the buildings, the wire is strictly forbidden to pull. The distance from the cable to the trees should be at least 2 m, and up to the bushes - 75 cm.

The final stage

After the input cable of the house is connected to the transmission lines by the employees of the supply company, commissioning works are carried out, aimed at identifying various kinds of malfunctions. If the latter are available, work is in progress to eliminate them. Cable insulation is also carefully inspected.

In this order and in Russia, electricity is connected to the house. Ukraine recently introduced similar rules on its territory. The owner of the site will also need to first submit a package of necessary documents to the supplying company. Further, the owner of the house will have to purchase a meter and register it in the local RES. The supplier company will have to consider the application within 15 days.

One copy of the agreement signed by both parties on the supply of electricity remains on the hands of the owner of the house, the second - in the supply company.