Artists are avant-gardists. Russian avant-garde artists of the 20th century

In the early twentieth century in Russia appeared one of the trends that originated from modernism and received the name "Russian avant-garde". It literally sounds like avant - "ahead" and garde - "guard", but over time the translation passed the so-called modernization and sounded like an "advanced squad". In fact, the founders of this trend were the French avant-garde artists of the 19th century, who advocated the denial of any foundations that are basic for all times of the existence of art. The main goal of avant-garde artists was the denial of traditions and unwritten laws of artistic mastery.

Vanguard and its currents

Russian avant-garde is a combination of Russian traditions with some techniques of Western European painting. In Russia, avant-garde artists are those who wrote in the style of abstract art, Suprematism, Constructivism and Cubo-Futurism. Actually, these four currents are the main directions of the avant-garde.

• Abstractionists when writing works paid special attention to color and form. Applying them, they created a number of associations. The founder of this trend in Russia was V. Kandinsky, and over time he was supported by K. Malevich, M. Larionov, N. Goncharova.
• Developing the ideas of abstractionism, Malevich created another trend - Suprematism. The first canvas of this current is the "Black Square". At the forefront when creating a picture, a combination of shapes and colors is carried out. The ideas of Suprematism were vividly expressed in works by avant-garde artists O. Rozanova, I. Klyun, A. Exter, N. Udaltsova.
• At the heart of constructivism lie ideas of the image of production, technology. The founders of this trend are avant-garde artists of the 20th century V. Tatlin and E. Lisitsky.
• A mixture of French Cubism and Italian futurism gave birth to another trend: Cubo-Futurism. Works performed in this style, differed in abstract forms and a combination of colors that were not familiar to painting of those times. Bright Russian culinary artists were Russian avant-garde artists K. Malevich, O. Rozanova, N. Goncharova, N. Udaltsova, L. Popova, A. Exter.

Artistic features and aesthetics of the avant-garde

For the avant-garde current, some features distinguish it from other directions:

• Avant-gardists welcome any social changes, for example, the revolution.
• The flow is characterized by a certain duality, for example, rationalism and irrationality.
• Recognition, admiration and admiration for scientific and technological progress.
• New forms, techniques and means not previously used in the artistic world.
• Complete rejection of fine art of the VIII century.
• Negation or recognition of traditions, established foundations in painting.
• Experiments with shapes, colors and shades.

Vasily Kandinsky

All avant-garde artists of the 20th century are the "children" of Vasily Kandinsky, who became the founder of the avant-garde in Russia. All his work is divided into 3 stages:

• In the Munich period, Kandinsky is working on landscapes, creating such masterpieces as "Blue Rider", "Gateway", "Gulf Coast in Holland", "Old Town".
• The Moscow period. The most famous paintings of this period are "Amazon" and "Amazon in the mountains".
• Bauhaus and Paris. The circle is used more often than other geometric figures, and the shades gravitate towards cold and calm tones. The works of this period are "Little Dream in Red", "Composition VIII", "Small Worlds", "Yellow Sound", "Bizarre".

Kazimir Malevich

Kazimir Malevich was born in February 1879 in Kiev to a Polish family. For the first time in the role of an artist, he tried himself in 15 years, when he was given a set of colors. Since then, for Malevich there was no more important thing than painting. But the parents did not share the son's hobbies and insisted on getting a more serious and profitable profession. Therefore, Malevich entered the agronomical school. Having moved to Kursk in 1896, he gets acquainted with Lev Kvachevsky, an artist who advises Kazimir to go to study in Moscow. Unfortunately, Malevich twice could not enter the Moscow School of Painting. He began to learn mastery from Rerberg, who not only taught the young artist, but also looked after him in every way: he organized exhibitions of his works, and presented it to the public. Both early and late works by Malevich are pomp and emotionality. Like other Russian avant-garde artists of the 20th century, he combines decency and impropriety in his works, but all the pictures combine irony and thoughtfulness. In 1915, Malevich presented to the public a series of paintings in the style of the avant-garde, the most famous of which is the "Black Square". Among the many works both fans and avant-garde artists singled out "Some malicious", "Rest. Society in Cylinders, Sisters, Lingerie on the Fence, Tors, Gardener, Church, Two Dryads, Kubofuturistic Composition.

Mikhail Larionov

He studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. His mentors were such famous painters as Korovin, Levitan and Serov. In the early works of Larionov can be traced notes characteristic of the works of Nesterov and Kuznetsov, who are by no means avant-garde artists and their paintings do not belong to this trend. Larionov also has such characteristics as folk art, primitivism. Skip military notes, for example, "Vacationers soldiers" and the theory of ideal beauty, illuminated in the paintings of "Venus" and "Katsapskaya Venus." Like other Soviet avant-garde artists, Larionov took part in the exhibition "Donkey's Tail" and "The Jack of Diamonds".

Natalia Goncharova

Initially, Goncharova studied sculpture and only eventually switched to painting. Her first mentor was Korovin, and during this period she pleased the exhibition with her paintings in the spirit of impressionism. Then it attracted the theme of peasant art and traditions of different peoples and eras. This was the reason for the appearance of such paintings as "Evangelists", "Harvesting bread", "Mother", "Round dance". And the embodiment on canvas of the idea of immortal art was the painting "Orchids" and "Radiant lilies"

Olga Rozanova

Like most artists, Rozanova came under the influence of other artists after graduation from the school. Avant-garde artists attached a young talented girl to public life, and for 10 years of her work she participated in a large number of exhibitions and designed a lot of books and productions. Rozanova went through several stages of creativity, changing styles and directions.

Ivan Klyunkov (Clun)

The creative path of Ivan Klyun changed abruptly after the meeting with Malevich. Even before the meeting with him, the artist studied French painting and visited the exhibition "Jack of Diamonds". After a fateful meeting, Klyun replenishes his collection with paintings "Gramophone", "Pitcher" and "Running Landscape". Later works the artist performed in the style of figurative painting, creating portraits, genre compositions, still lifes, illustrations.

Alexandra Exter

Exter became an artist thanks to a trip to Paris, where fate brought her with such world-famous artists as Picasso, Jacob, Braque, Apollinaire, among whom were avant-gardists.
After the trip, Exter began to write in an impressionistic style and the result was the work "Still Life with a Vase and Flowers" and "Three Female Figures." In the course of time, pointillism and cubism began to appear in the works. Alexandra presented her paintings at exhibitions. Later, the artist devoted much time to non-objective compositions and paintings of screens, lampshades, pillows, as well as the design of theatrical productions.

Vladimir Tatlin

Tatlin began to study at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, and then - at the Penza Art College. But due to frequent passes and poor academic performance, he was expelled without a diploma. In 1914 Tatlin already exhibits his works at the exhibition "Jack of Diamonds" and "Donkey's Tail". In general, his paintings are associated with fishing everyday life. An important role in changing directions is played by a meeting with Picasso: it was after her that Tatlin began to create in the style of Cubism and in the style of "Larion's influence." His creations reflected designs consisting of wood and iron and became fundamental for the constructivist trend in the Russian avant-garde.

El Lisitsky

For the first time tight with painting Lisitsky collided in the Jewish Society for the Encouragement of the Arts, where he worked since 1916. At that time, he not only illustrated Jewish publications, but also actively participated in exhibitions held in Moscow and Kiev. The author's works harmoniously combine handwritten scrolls and miriskusnicheskuyu graphics. Upon his arrival in Vitebsk, Lisitsky is fond of non-objective creativity, making out books and posters. The brainchild of Elya are the "prouns" - three-dimensional figures, which are the basis for furniture production even in our days.

Lyubov Popova

Like most artists, Popova went through a multi-stage way of becoming: her early works were performed in the style of Cezanne, and then features of Cubism, Fauvism and Futurism appeared. Popova perceived the world as a big still life and transferred it to the canvas in the form of graphic images. Particular attention was paid by Love to the sounds of colors. This distinguished her work from the work of Malevich. Pursuing the design of theatrical productions, Popova used the style of "art deco", in which the avant-garde and modern were harmoniously combined. The artist was able to combine incongruous, for example, cubism with the Renaissance and Russian icon painting.

The role of the Russian avant-garde in history

Many of the avant-garde's achievements are still used in contemporary art, despite the fact that the avant-garde itself did not last long as a flow. The main reason for its collapse is in the many avenues of avant-garde artists. Avant-garde as an art made it possible to develop photo and film industry, allowed to develop new forms, approaches and solutions in solving artistic problems.