Anti-personnel mine OZM-72: characteristics, description and operating principle

At the word "mine" the imagination immediately draws an explosive device buried in the ground . First appeared in the French language, this word was originally associated with the ground and denoted "mine", "undermining", which was often used during the siege wars. Fortified and protected cities in the conduct of hostilities were attacked with trenches dug under their walls and the approaches with further laying of explosive charges filled with gunpowder in them. At first, the mine was called an underground horizontal mine near the walls of the enemy, later the word itself was called the explosive device itself. Also the word "sapper" appeared in French. They called a man who carried out undermining and undermining enemy fortifications.

History

The use in many wars of explosive mechanisms, stuffed with destructive elements, proved the absolute effectiveness of their application for the removal of fortified structures, enemy infantry and its combat equipment. Discoveries in the field of chemistry: the emergence of xyloidin, pyroxylin, liquid nitroglycerin, TNT and nitrate - and the already rich experience of warfare in mankind provided a good impetus for the improvement of explosive devices.

Primitive bookmarks under enemy walls using bikfordovyh cords are a thing of the past. Their place was occupied by modern products using special capsules - detonators and electrosupply systems.

Bombed in the ground, explosive mechanisms because of their secrecy have always been considered very dangerous. But time has shown that their effectiveness is not 100%, since the mine removed directly only the object that came into contact with it, and left others intact. A much better result could be achieved if the mine were above the ground. But in that case it would be visible. This shortcoming in the mine business required an immediate solution, which became the device that received the name OZM-72. Let's consider it in more detail.

Mina OZM-72: TTX (tactical and technical characteristics)

The device by type belongs to the anti-personnel fragmentation, jumping out with explosive explosive mechanisms.

Steel is used to make the mine shell.

The total mass is 5 kg, of which 660 g is an explosive.

The diameter is 10.8 cm, the height of the case is 17.2 cm.

Mina OZM-72 is designed for weight from 1 to 17 kg, the temperature range of use - from -60 to +60 degrees, the radius of damage does not exceed 30 m. The period of military operation is unlimited. The mine is not equipped with self-liquidators and does not contain elements that do not allow it to be removed or rendered harmless.

Fuses MUV and MVE-72

As a fuse can be a mechanical MUV or electromechanical MVE-72. Mechanical is very sensitive, which makes the process of neutralizing a mine with it very dangerous.

Design Features

The elements of OZM-72 are:

• The guide glass. For its manufacture, steel is used. At the bottom of the glass there is a special chamber designed to attach a tension cable in it, connecting the glass with the impact mechanism. The glass contains a shell with an explosive charge and fragments.
• Charge. As a charge for the mine OZM-72 uses TNT, which fills the inner cavity of the cage. Located at the top of the central bushing.
• A knockout charge. It is designed to expel an explosive device from the ground to a height of 1 m. To produce an explosive charge, smoke powder collected in a fabric bag is used . The charge is contained in a special tube.
• Shock mechanism. Located in the bottom of the central sleeve.
• Detonating capsule. It is located in the socket of the additional detonator and is mounted only at the moment when the installation of the mine OZM-72 is directly carried out.
• Carbines and cables. Are intended for fastening checks of the explosive mechanism with wire extensions.
• Stretching from wire. Coiled in the coils at installation reach a length of up to 15 m. They are designed for arranging traps.
• Pegs made of wood and metal. Wooden stakes are used to arrange stretch marks, and metal stakes are used for fixing mines in frozen ground and installing a cable with carbines. For the production of metal stakes duralumin corner is used.

Purpose

The OZM-72 explosive device is designed to completely eliminate or temporarily disable enemy infantry. The degree of defeat from the fragmentation elements, which are metal balls, can be different: from the elimination of one soldier to several. This became possible due to the fact that anti-personnel mines OZM-72 are hidden in the ground and are not visible from the outside. And the knock-out charge available in their mechanism throws up a device that explodes above the ground at an altitude of 1 m with a circular defeat of up to 30 m.

How does the OZM-72 mine work?

The principle of the mine action is to throw a torn steel shell, consisting of metal, cylindrical pieces, capable of exploding in a radius of up to 30 meters after the explosion, with the help of a blowout charge from the guide glass to a meter height. The mine is triggered by contact with the attached pegs with a wire extension connected to the fuse pin.

They may be MVE-72. In this case, it is sufficient to touch the electrical wire connected to the check. Also as a detonator is used MUV, which uses not electricity, but mechanics. To trigger a mine, the enemy is hooked on a tensioned wire - an extension connected at one end to the fuse. Subsequent detonation produces an ejection above the ground from the charge glass, which is represented by a steel shell having a trotyl filling. When the explosive interacts, the shell forms round and cylindrical damaging elements that fly apart in all directions.

Stages of the bookmark

How is OZM-72 laid? The installation of the blasting mechanism is done manually in the ground or in the snow.

The bookmarking process consists of the following steps:

• Arrangement of a hole with a diameter of up to 200 mm with further placement of mines in it;
• Installation of a detonating cap;
• Installation of a metal peg at a distance of 50 cm from the mine;
• Fastening of a cable with carbines to a wire extension;
• Installation of one wooden peg with the passage of wire through it for the entire length; The end of the extension should be attached to the top of the second peg; It is necessary that the wire between the wooden sticks slackens a little - enough 20-30 mm;
• Unscrewing the protective cap closing the mine igniter;
• Bringing the fuze's check to the combat state;
• Connection by means of a carbine of the prepared wire extension with a check of the fuse;
• Masking of an installed mine.

Recommendations for installation

• Metal pegs should be clogged to the ground in such a way that the upper part of it is not striking. To do this, its top with the wire threaded in it should protrude above the ground level by no more than 150 mm. In this case, you need to dig it in the direction of the enemy. It is easy to determine by the special notch in the metal peg. When installing an explosive device, it must be directed to the mine.
• It is recommended to pull out the safety pin from the fuse only after checking the reliability for holding the check.
• After the gear engagement, it should not be pulled out. If this happens, then the metal peg is hammered poorly and is shifted to the side, while lowering the tension of the wire stretching.
• The installation of an anti-personnel mine OZT-72 is easily carried out in soft soil in the summer, and in winter - in the frozen ground with further camouflage by snow. In the event that you have to work with too soft soil, which is typical for swampy areas, it is recommended to use boards not more than 15x15 cm. Their thickness should be 25 mm. The use of boards guarantees the reliability of the shell from the steel cup.

The modern development of military production makes it possible to take into account all the strengths and weaknesses of explosive devices. Due to this, mines are now presented in service in a wide variety: from the simplest products with primitive fuses and weak explosive fillers to the most complex mechanisms with remote control, in the development of which the latest achievements of science are used.