Age categories of the population. Age categories of people by years

Age is not only a quantitative and absolute concept. It still exists as a stage in the process of psychological and physical development. And quite a long time. From birth to death, to be more precise. Tens of years, and some - about or more than a hundred. And, accordingly, the age categories and periods of life could not not be formed, which in many respects overlap with each other. However, this can be told in more detail.

Infancy

If we talk about age categories, then it's necessary to start from the earliest period. And this, of course, is infancy. Which is also divided into certain categories. The first period (neonatal) lasts from birth to the first month. It is defined by a weak emotional development - the child is too "generalized" state. And the infant himself requires constant involvement of the parents in every process of his life.

The second period is from two to three months. It is characterized by a more developed emotional system. You can see that the baby is already able to grieve and smile at familiar people, even focus on the face.

The next period lasts from 4 to 6 months. The child has already more or less strengthened emotional and sensory system. He recognizes people who are constantly next to him, distinguishes familiar from strangers, knows how to determine the direction from which the sounds emanate.

In the period from 7 months to 1.5 years, the child develops and teaches motor abilities. When his age exceeds the mark of 2 years, the time of increased motor activity begins. And the child himself passes into another age category.

Childhood

It's a rather long period. Which is divided into several more. For early childhood (from 1 to 3 years) and preschool age (from 3 to 7). The first category is often called the nursery period. This conditional division, which is associated, mainly, with social causes. The child who first went through the nursery, and then through the kindergarten, does not experience further difficulties with entering the new collective (class in school).

If we talk about age categories, then such a cell as schoolchildren can be considered one of the most difficult psychologically. Since it is during the training period that the personality of the child is formed and a certain "foundation" is laid, which will play a role in the future.

In addition, children belonging to the school age category are intensively growing in all plans. There are such processes as ossification of the spine and growth of the skeleton, muscle tissue grows, the nervous apparatus of the muscles finishes forming, but the lung tissue, the lung capacity and their volume increase. And, of course, the early age categories of children are characterized by functional development of the brain. By 8-9 years the child already has a firmly established type of higher nervous activity.

Teenage years

It should also be noted with attention, telling about age categories. This period is mixed. Girls are considered teenagers from 10 to 18 years. Boys - from 12 to 18.

Children of this age are experiencing turning points in the development of the body, because puberty occurs. The endocrine system changes, as does the functionality of the organs. Children begin to grow more intensively, there is an increase in body weight. The production of hormones increases, which affects psychosocial development. The adolescent period ends with the end of puberty. And children go to another age category.

Youth and youth

Here, the psychological aspect, rather than the biological aspect, already plays a big role. And opinions diverge. So, for example, psychologist E. Erikson believes that youth lasts from 13 to 19 years, after which comes the youth, which lasts till the age of 35. During this period, the person begins to "mature", realize himself and, as a rule, enter into a relationship.

But if you turn to the classification of the APN of the USSR, defined in 1965, then after the adolescent period follows the youthful age. But for girls it starts at 16 and ends at 20, and for guys lasts from 17 to 21.

If we talk about the biological component, then people of this age category is the final completion of physical development. But only in boys the body does not reach the strength and strength of an adult male. The same goes for girls. The figure of young ladies is clearly different from those of women who have passed through childbirth. And here in the biological plan the concept of youth is conditional precisely for this reason. A person can be 19 years old, and, in fact, psychologically she is considered a girl. But if she gave birth to a child, then her body loses youth. And call her objectively a woman, not a girl.

Average age

Or, as it is still called, maturity. Telling about the age categories of people by years, it can not be ignored. It is believed that this is the longest period. Traditionally, from 21 to 60 years for men, and from 20 to 55 for women.

The table of age categories shows that it is divided into two periods. The first - from 21-20 to 35. It is characterized by stable functioning of the body. After 35, the average people start a neuroendocrine restructuring. The main physiological indicators slowly but progressively decrease. Perhaps the emergence of primary signs of diseases, which usually overwhelm older people. But if a person is healthy, leads a correct way of life - then all this can be postponed for an indefinite period. Again, age categories of people are one thing, but how they manage their health is quite another. In 20 years you can look at 35, and vice versa. At some "persons" and in 25 kidneys refuse.

Specificity of Maturity

Specialists studying age categories of the population managed to find out a lot of interesting and useful data. For example, the mortality of people of adulthood from malignant formations has tripled in the last 60 years.

And because of the fact that by the second period of maturity a person is increasingly beginning to feel fatigue from constant work and the same way of life, different forms of pathology begin to manifest. This traumatism (household and production), tumors, cardiovascular ailments. In many respects, because a person ceases to critically evaluate himself, he seems to be as young and full of energy as he was in 25. But if he is 50, then he can not do anything like he does With it consulted about 20 years ago.

And cardiovascular disease is a sad topic. They arise due to the fact that constantly accompanies the modern person in life: stress, nervous tension, depression, irrational nutrition, lack of motor activity, smoking, alcohol. In addition to this, during the middle age additional psychological loads are added, which appear for personal and family reasons.

Retirement age

It includes men and women who turned 60 and 55 respectively. Signs of aging are growing: the structure of hair and skin changes, a different gait becomes, the shape of the figure changes. The retirement age is accompanied by a decrease in the mass of the heart and its frequency cuts. Blood vessels lose elasticity, a certain amount of blood is lost too. The respiratory system also changes. The chest cell due to changes in the tendons and ossification of the ribs ceases to be as mobile as before. And the lungs, accordingly, can not cope with their task still "smartly".

But, of course, here too everything depends on physiology. People can look great and feel great at 65 and 70. Again, the way of life and how much people are "tired" during their existence is important. Age categories of people by year are one thing. But the way they feel psychologically is completely different.

Seniority

This is the last period of life, it is allocated conditionally. Lasts usually from 75 to 90-100 years. But this is in our time. Generally, the age periodization is a strange and ambiguous topic, especially if it concerns people who are "over 35".

Remember, at least, the end of the XIX century. Then the deep old men, who are now on time to go to rest, were people 45-50 years old! And this, in fact, is inspiring in our time. It turns out that old age gradually "retreats", and the duration of young ages as a result of this increases.