Devices for chemical reconnaissance and control

Instruments for radiation and chemical reconnaissance and control are used to determine the approximate level of concentration of toxic compounds in the air. Devices are used inside buildings and in open areas. With their help, the concentration of substances in food, water, forage, on different surfaces is determined. . Let's consider further what are the devices of chemical reconnaissance (dosimetric control) .

Kinds

: In practice, the following measurements of radiation and chemical reconnaissance are used :

1. PCL-54 is a field laboratory.
2. PCR-MV - the device of veterinary and medical services.
3. GSP-11 is an automatic gas analyzer.
4. PPHR is a semi-automatic device for chemical prospecting.
5. UG-2 is a universal gas analyzer.
6. . VPHR - military chemical reconnaissance device .

General principle of operation

Special chemical indicators are used in chemical instrumentation. When interacting with certain compounds, they change their color. Depending on the type of indicator and its color change, the type of substance and its approximate concentration are established.

UG-2

The universal gas analyzer is used for quantitative and qualitative determination of the content of ammonia, chlorine, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, carbon monoxide, oil hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, toluene, benzene, acetylene, acetone, xylene, gasoline, ethyl ether, etc. The principle of the UH is similar to the one described above . Contaminated air passes through the indicator tube, changes the color of the filler. The measurement of the length of the stained column on a scale, calibrated in ml / l, shows the substance content. The duration of the analysis is from 2 to 10 minutes.

UPGK

включают в себя индикаторные трубки разного размера. Universal semi-automatic chemical reconnaissance devices include indicator tubes of different sizes.

Devices operate in the temperature range from -10 to +50 deg. UPGK equipped with alarm, microprocessor unit, digital scoreboard. These elements significantly expand the operational capabilities of the device. используются для анализа почвы, воздуха, фуража, воды, разных поверхностей. Semi-automatic chemical reconnaissance meters are used to analyze soil, air, forage, water, and various surfaces. To do this, they provide for sample preparation devices.

GSP-11

используются для обеспечения безопасности сотрудников во время ликвидации аварий, при инспекции хранилищ, транспортировке опасных соединений и пр. Устройства оснащаются цифровой сигнализацией. These devices of chemical (dosimetric) reconnaissance are used to ensure the safety of employees during the elimination of accidents, during the inspection of storage facilities, transportation of hazardous compounds, etc. The devices are equipped with digital signaling. The time of the device is 5 seconds, and weight is 500 g. GSP-11 allows detecting pairs of ammonia, chlorine, hydrogen chloride, organophosphorus substances, nitrogen oxides and other compounds in the range of 1-10 MPC.

The device for chemical reconnaissance of VPHR

This device is used to identify approximate concentrations of gases of hazardous compounds in indoor air, on machinery and equipment, and also in open areas. включает в себя корпус с крышкой, насос с насадкой, бумажные кассеты с индикаторными трубками, противодымные фильтры. The military chemical reconnaissance device includes a body with a lid, a pump with a nozzle, paper cassettes with indicator tubes, smoke filters. The device is also equipped with heaters with cartridges and protective caps. To detect dangerous compounds, air is pumped through the indicator tubes via a piston pump . In the pump head there is a socket for insertion and a corundum disk. The latter is used for cutting the ends of the tube. On the edges of the disc are two holes marked. It corresponds to the parameters of the tubes. In the holes are metal pins. They provide opening of ampoules that are inside the tubes. Indicator elements also contain silica gel filler. It is soaked with chemical. Under the influence of the compound under analysis, the reagent acquires a color, the intensity of which depends on the content of the substance in the air. Fillers of tubes used to determine prussic acid and distilled mustard gas are impregnated in advance. This explains the absence of ampoules inside these elements. When working with the device should follow certain rules. In particular, an ampoule with a reagent to detect phosgene and diphosgene must be broken up in advance. They must be opened before pumping the analyzed air. There are two ampoules in the tubes used for the determination of FVW. One of them is opened before pumping, the other after.

GSP-1

используются для непрерывного анализа воздуха. These chemical reconnaissance devices are used for continuous air analysis. They allow you to detect dangerous compounds and RV. When detecting OB and radioactive substances in the gas detector, light and sound alarms are triggered. GSP-1 - photocolorimetric devices. In the process of pumping through the tape, impregnated with reagents, there is a colored stain in the infected air. This phenomenon is recorded by a photocell, which is associated with sound and light alarms. Detection of the radioactive connection is made using an autonomous gas-discharge counter with an electric booster. Automatic gas analyzers are installed at command posts, observation posts. They are also used in military units.

Indicator films

They are used to determine the presence of "V gas" type compounds at the time of their subsidence at facilities, equipment, weapons and other surfaces. Indicator films are fixed to a clearly visible plane. For example, it is placed on an armor of uniforms, a helmet, a windscreen, a wall of a structure, a tower or other armor of a tank, etc. To increase the reliability of detecting dangerous compounds, the mount to mobile objects of technology is carried out on four sides. In the event of the appearance of blue-green spots on the films, it is necessary to immediately report this to the commander by giving an alert signal. After this, special processing of open areas on the face, hands and PPE is carried out. Films should be replaced 2 days after gluing and immediately after the impact of precipitation and degassing formulation.

PCR-MB

используются для обнаружения опасных веществ в кормах, воде, продуктах питания, в воздухе и на разных объектах. These chemical reconnaissance devices are used to detect hazardous substances in feed, water, food, air and various objects. Such devices allow to reveal salts of metals and hydrocyanic acid, alkaloids. In the air and feeds, they detect phosgene and diphosgene. Instruments for chemical reconnaissance and control PCR-MB allow sampling soil, water, other materials for their transfer to the laboratory for the subsequent determination of the type of pathogen. In the case of the device in a special compartment there is a manual collector pump. Inside there are also paper cassettes and indicator tubes with ampouled reagents. In addition, there are:

1. Banks for dry-air extraction of compounds of substances from bulk products and for sampling (with test tubes).
2. Forms of reports.
3. Waxed paper.
4. Pencil.
5. Polyethylene bags (for samples).
6. Adhesive plaster.
7. Tweezers and scissors.
8. A metal spatula.
9. Passport and instructions to the device.

The cloth cassette is used to place Drexel bottles, test tubes, reagents, combustible tablets, pipettes, silica gel (activated) in tubes, protective cartridges, napfile for opening ampoules, toluene.

Specificity

In PCR-MB, in contrast to the military chemical reconnaissance device, there are:

1. Two additional indicator tubes. One is designed to detect lewisite and nitrogen mustard. There are two yellow rings at one end of the tube, and three on the other. The second is used for arsenic hydrogen. There are 2 black rings on this tube.
2. Reagents for the indication of hazardous compounds and poisons in water.
3. Banks for the detection of substances in food by the method of dry-air extraction.

Indicator tubes

They are considered the most important element of PCR-MB. The indicator tube is a glass vessel sealed on both sides. Inside it there is a porous filler, which has the ability to sorb gases of dangerous compounds. In the tube there is also a fairing. Due to it, the air pumped through it goes only along the periphery of the filler. In addition, there is a reagent in the tube. It can be used for a specific compound or for a group of substances. The reagent can be applied to the filler or contained in one or more miniature ampoules. At the right time during the work they are destroyed. At one end of the tube there is a marking in the form of rings. It shows the type of substance whose content can be detected.

Work process

The indication of connections begins with the most dangerous of them - nerve gases. First, life-threatening concentrations are set. For this, tubes with red rings and dots (of the same color) are removed. With the help of a carver, they are nailed, the ends break off. Further, an ampoule with acetylcholinesterase is opened with an opener having the same marking. The pump must be held vertically. The tube is inserted into the opening of the opening underneath. After opening the ampoule, its contents moisten the filler. The first tube is considered a control. Air is not pumped through it. The second tube is inserted into the central hole with an unmarked end. Then 5-6 swings are done. An ampoule with butyrylcholine iodide and phenolrot opens. To moisten the filler, the tubes are shaken. The result is taken into account when comparing changes in the color of the filler in the tubes. In the absence of FOV in the air, cholinesterase cleaves butyrylcholine iodide into an acid residue and choline. In the presence of compounds in the air during pumping, phosphorylation of acetylcholinesterase occurs. In this case, the change in the color of the filler in the control tube will be rapid. This is due to the cleavage of butyrylcholine iodide and the formation of acidic products. The color of the filler will turn yellow (from bright pink). In the test tube, acetylcholinesterase will lose its enzymatic properties. Accordingly, splitting does not occur or will be very slow. The filler will either retain a bright pink color, or it will change after 5-10 minutes (in comparison with the control tube).