Actinidia self-fertilized: description, planting and care

Actinidia is a self-fertilizing, rather interesting ornamental plant. Its fruits are extremely useful for human health, delicious and fragrant. Grow and care for the plant is not difficult. In addition, actinidia produces high and stable annual yields. Fruits differ in merchantability and remarkable transportability, can be stored for a long time in a cool place. Detailed information on the cultivation of actinidia and its content at home is provided below.

Description of actinidia self-fertilized

The above plant has several names. This is both actinidia caustic and actinidia self-fertilized, and kiwi, and atinidia pineapple. The plant is, first of all, an effective tree-like liana, which is characterized by a beautiful decorative view and edible fruits. The latter are extremely high in micronutrients and vitamins.

This plant is characterized by stable, high yield, sufficient frost resistance, unpretentiousness to growing conditions, resistance to diseases and pests.

It should be noted that actinidia self-fertilized does not require a male plant: it pollinates itself well. This monoecious plant begins to bear fruit for 4 years after planting. From one bush you can get up to 9 kg of berries.

Fruits of actinidia can be stored in the refrigerator for up to 2 months, but it is necessary to observe a strict temperature range: from 0 to 2 degrees Celsius.

Features of Actinidia

The above plant has the following characteristics:

• Has a height of up to 25 m (grade of the argument), up to 6 m (type of colomict);
• Barrel up to 5 cm in diameter;
• High intensity of growth of shoots of a plant (in a season makes up to 2 m);
• The root system is fibrous, with skeletal roots;
• The maximum minus temperature that the actinide plant can withstand is -30 degrees Celsius;
• Kiwi, which has entered into fruiting, is more frost-resistant than non-fertilizing;
• Mid-August - the maturation period of the fruit;
• Fruit plants differ round or oblong form, from light to dark green color;
• The taste of fruits - from sweet and sour to sweet and sweet;
• The plant is photophilous;
• Culture loves moisture, but excessive quantity does not tolerate it;
• Categorically not recommended spring pruning.

It should be noted that the plant actinidia can grow and bear fruit well for about 30 years.

Useful properties of actinidia

The fruits of the above plant are extremely useful for the human body. In their composition they contain:

• Carotene, niacin, ascorbic, vitamin B5 ;
• Polyphenols;
• Minerals: salts of potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus;
• Dry substances;
• Organic acids;
• Pectin.

It should be noted that the fruits of this plant contain 5 times more vitamin C than the black currant and 10 times more than citrus.

These fruits significantly strengthen the immune system of hypertensive people, people with diabetes, the elderly and children. Especially useful fruit kiwi patients that have problems with eyesight.

Types of self-fetus actinidia

Perennial tree lentas have about 30 species of plants in the genus. All varieties of actinidia are characterized by high annual fruitfulness and beautiful decorative appearance. On the territory of Russia, the following types of the above plant are known:

1. Argutic:

• Hybrid;
• The Kiev large-fruited;
• Figured;
• September;
• Actinidia Arguta is self-fertilized.

2. Interspecific:

• Giralda;
• Polygam.

3. Colomik:

• Pineapple;
• Clara Zetkin;
• Samoklodnaya actinidia Colomict;
• Victory.

Pollination of this plant occurs with the help of wind or insects. It is interesting that this process can be carried out at sufficiently large distances: up to half a kilometer. For example, some species of colomictic and interspecies pollen themselves. The yield in this case is small.

In one place, wood vines can grow over 70 years.

The yield of a lian depends on its type. Argutovye give the largest number of fruits - up to 250 kg, kolomiktovye - only up to 3 kg. Also, the weight of the fetuses is also different: for example, polygamous fruits have a weight of 6 grams.

Recently, in America, breeders have developed a new type of actinidia called Kiwi. So he is able to give fruits up to 330 grams.

As for harvesting, the Girald's variety and all the Kolomikt fruit are collected in late August, the rest - until the middle of September. Although, if you want more sugar to accumulate in the fruit, remove the kiwi closer to the frost.

If the crop is harvested at minus temperature, it will not be stored in the refrigerator for a long time.

Reproduction of actinidia

The above plant reproduces both cuttings and seeds. Stratification of the seed is carried out for 2 months. Before this process, the seeds are steamed. Then they are mixed with sand and slightly moistened. After that, the seeds are wrapped in cloth and placed in a cold store, where the temperature should be kept around +5 degrees Celsius. Recommended daily fifteen-minute ventilation at room temperature.

After the above stratification process, the seeds are planted in a light soil, which is pre-steamed. Seedlings appear early enough: within two weeks. During the first year they grow slowly. But they are not recommended for anything to feed.

Young actinidia seedlings in the first winter should be kept in a cool place. Planted preferably only in early spring.

If actinidia is propagated by cuttings, then it is recommended to cut them with two or three kidneys. Also leave one upper truncated leaf. Cuttings are recommended to put on a day in a glass with distilled water. Only after that they can be planted in a container with a substrate. As the last one you can use boldly peat or sand. Important: do not cover the kidney with a leaf substrate! After planting cuttings, they need to be watered and covered with a film.

In order for the cuttings to take root, it is necessary to provide them with a temperature regime (+18 degrees Celsius), humidity above the average and access to sunlight. Once a day, it is recommended to spray the cuttings with an atomizer.

Saplings that are grown from cuttings, will begin to bear fruit after two or three years.

Soil for the above plant

Actinidia seedlings prefer a variety of soils, with the exception of clayey clayey soils, near which groundwater is located. Breeders recommend making good drainage for the plant. Therefore, tree lines are best placed on the slopes with water flow, elevated areas. This will prevent stagnant water in the roots of the plant.

Intensive growth of actinidia is noted in acidic and slightly acidic soils, fertilized with organic mixtures. But in no case should they contain lime. The plant does not tolerate this top dressing. Also, calcium chloride is not recommended for actinidia .

It should be noted that it is strictly forbidden to plant actinidia after actinidia. An undesirable neighbor for the above plant is the apple tree. It is better to plant Actinide near the black currant.

In no case is it allowed to dig around the tree vine. The maximum that can be done is to do a small loosening.

Fruit Actinidia: Planting and Care

Plants are planted in the spring to a depth of 70 cm. In each pit, gardeners are advised to make a few fertilizers: about 10 kg of normal humus and 100 grams of superphosphate. It should be noted that planting actinidia is carried out in early spring.

At the very bottom of the pit, first you need to put a drainage, which can be made by stones, expanded clay or broken brick.

Plants are planted at a distance of up to 2.5 m. Before planting a tree lily, its roots are moistened in clay chatter.

In addition, breeders recommend 10-15 female plants to plant one male plant for better pollination.

Care for actinidia is as follows:

1. Before flowering, the lenticular liana is fertilized with phosphorus.
2. In autumn, feed actinide humus, potassium salt, superphosphate and ammonium nitrate.
3. For the plant, useful mulching of soil with humus, sawdust or peat with a layer of 12 cm.
4. In addition, actinidia is covered for winter to prevent the freezing of young plants.

Conditions for the content of actinidia

The above plant is unpretentious, but still requires some attention. The treelike liana prefers to grow in the sun, although it feels well in the shade.

The conditions for the content of actinide are as follows:

1. It is important to build supports for the plant.
2. Provide her with additional watering in hot weather.
3. During fruiting, the soil around the tree lily is contained under black steam.

Pruning of self-fertilized actinidia

This action can not be carried out:

• in early spring;
• In the period of intense sap movement (due to loss of juice, the plant becomes weak);
• At the end of summer (can cause buds to awaken on the shoots of the current year).

The ideal time for pruning is the period after the flowering of the plant. Also pruning actinidia is carried out in the late autumn. At this time, you can thin the plants, cut out the weakened twigs, remove the frozen ends on the shoots.

Pests and diseases of Actinidia

The above plant is highly resistant to various diseases. Breeders note the following diseases that can affect actinidia:

• Phyllosticosis of leaves (brown spots);
• Fruit rot on berries.

It should be noted that to combat the above infections, the affected fruits and leaves are collected and destroyed.

A dangerous pest for actinidia are cats who like to gnaw young shoots and dig up the roots of the plant. Therefore, it is important to fence the wood vine with a wire net, and cover the top.

Calendar of care for the above plant

In order for the plant to grow intensively and fructify sufficiently well, it is important to carry out the necessary work on the maintenance and maintenance of actinidium in time:

1. In April, shelters are removed from young tree-like lianas. This is the time when planting actinidia.
2. In May, gardeners are advised to feed the tree lent organic fertilizers. Also this month it is recommended to loosen, weed the soil around the actinidia. If the weather is too dry in May, gardeners are advised to water the plant and mulch the soil.
3. In June, it is desirable to provide the plant with the necessary amount of moisture. It is also important to slightly loosen and weed the soil. At this time, and cut green shanks.
4. In July, apart from weeding, loosening and watering, it is important to tie a plant. It is also necessary to remove excess shoots.
5. In August, the harvest is going. After harvesting, it is recommended to feed the plant with minerals and organic fertilizers.
6. In September the harvest also is going to.
7. In October and November, the actinidia pruning is carried out, which is carried out to form a bush. Although the aforementioned plant is characterized by high frost resistance, it is equally important to have time to cover young tree-like lianas for the winter to sub-zero temperatures.

Interesting facts about Actinidia

Do you know that:

• As to the content of ascorbic with the fruits of the above plant, only the dog rose can compete;
• 1 or 2 berries of actinidia provide the body with a daily requirement for vitamin C;
• About 700 berries of the above plant cover the annual need for ascorbic for humans;
• For a family of 4 people it is enough to have only one bush of a wood creeper to provide each member with an annual norm in vitamin C.

How is actinide used?

The fruits of the above plant are actively used in cooking. They are also harvested for the winter: canned and dried.

Of the fruits of actinidia, jam is prepared, juice is squeezed out, cocktails are made. Also apply the above fruits to decorate cakes and other sweets, for the preparation of desserts.

Especially popular is sun-dried actinidia or kishmish, which resembles dried grapes (raisins).

When preserving the fruit of actinidia, experts recommend adding citric acid, because already in the processed form they have a taste with slightly expressed acidity.

Actinidia is self-fertilized - a plant that can not only decorate the household plot, but also present extremely tasty and useful fruits. This is just a find for an enterprising summer resident.