Accrual of property tax: posting in accounting

Formation of budgets of various levels occurs due to the collection of a part of the income of organizations by the state and its redistribution. Tax payments of a specific business entity depend on many factors: the direction of work, the chosen regime, the availability of a clearing base, etc. For example, the property tax charge, the postings made in accounting in connection with this process, should be carefully monitored. In the event of an error in the calculations or correspondence, the sanctions of the fiscal authorities can be felt for the business.

Taxes

All mandatory payments, transferred by individuals and legal entities to the state treasury, are clearly regulated by the relevant regulatory enactments. The Tax Code of the Russian Federation prescribes the mandatory elements of each type of contributions: rate, base, subject. Macroeconomic indicators of the state are formed on the basis of the aggregate income received from economic entities operating on its territory. The largest revenues to budgets come from the collection of four main taxes:

- profit (legal entities);

- Income (residents);

- VAT (consumers);

- property (citizens of the Russian Federation and organizations that carry out activities on its territory).

Obligations for making appropriate payments to legal entities come from the time they are registered as a business entity. Value added tax is included in the price of goods or services to be sold on the territory of the Russian Federation. Payments to the income received list all working citizens and organizations that receive it. Corporate property tax (charging and payment) falls on all enterprises and individuals who own these facilities. For organizations engaged in economic activities, the basis for payment of mandatory contributions are accounting data.

Calculation of property tax

Postings that reflect the calculation and transfer of the mandatory payment are all organizations that have objects of fixed assets for production and non-production purposes. The main requirement for the appearance of an obligation is the registration and implementation of the financial and economic activities of the enterprise in the territory of the Russian Federation. In this case, it should have on-balance objects of fixed assets. The Tax Code defines a number of enterprises exempted from payment of property obligations, they include:

- Religious associations;

- organizations of disabled people;

- establishments of the correctional system;

- federal roads, railways, pipelines, power lines;

- pharmaceutical laboratories and production;

- Football associations;

- Individual entrepreneurs applying simplified taxation regimes;

- the organizers of the Paralympic and Olympic Games.

Taxpayers are not recognized as organizations that are exempted at the regional level. As a rule, this benefit is received by enterprises of housing and communal services, agricultural, municipal, health care institutions. Article No. 374 of the Tax Code contains a full list of property tax payers.

Base

Property contributed to joint activities, movable, leased, transferred into temporary trust, immovable property is the object of calculating this type of compulsory payment, such as property tax. The base for accrual is reflected in the company's accounting records on account No. 01. Foreign organizations that carry out activities in the territory of the Russian Federation maintain accounting records in accordance with Russian regulatory documents. They are also tax residents and are required to make property tax levies. Postings to the accounting registers, the formation of a taxable base, the calculation of the amount of tax foreign companies produce in the manner prescribed by articles of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, if there are no additional regulatory documents adopted by the regional fiscal authorities. The object of calculating the payment can not be:

- monuments of historical and cultural heritage (world, federal, regional level);

- land plots (subject to another type of tax);

- property of the Ministry of Defense, police, correctional system;

- natural, water resources;

- Space objects;

- nuclear facilities, areas allocated for storage of radioactive waste;

- ships and icebreakers.

Defining the Base

Each entity carrying out activities of any kind on the territory of the Russian Federation independently determines the value of property on the balance sheet. Accordingly, it forms the basis and procedure for calculating the property tax. The calculation calculated on the average residual value of fixed assets is recognized as correct.

At the same time, all analytical positions of account 01 are included in this amount. The existence of isolated units or branches in other regions is a factor in changing the rate or redistributing the amount between the budgets of various subjects of the Russian Federation. The taxable base can be formed by a generalized indicator in the parent enterprise.

Base calculation

The average annual value of the enterprise's assets is calculated on the basis of balance sheet data. It is equal to the difference between the amounts recorded on the account 01 and 02. The calculation of property tax in 1C and other accounting bases significantly saves the time of the accountant, since the formation of the residual value occurs automatically at the closing of the reporting period. At the same time, the accrued depreciation is subtracted from the original price at which the fixed asset was entered and put into operation. The residual value of all property objects is summarized. The value is divided by the number of months, increased by one: 4 - for quarterly calculation, 13 - for an annual.

Rate

The calculation of property tax is reflected in the financial result of the enterprise, but its size directly depends on the number of units of equipment and its value. The upper limit of the rate of this type of mandatory payment is registered in the Tax Code, it is 2.2% of the calculated base. Differentiation is allowed only in the established range and is determined by regional regulations, the payer category and the designation of property objects. The tax rate depends only on the place of registration of the economic entity. The funds are transferred to the treasury of the respective region. In most cases, local authorities apply the maximum allowable value - 2.2%.

Terms of payment

Accounting for the calculation of property tax is maintained throughout the reporting period (year). The Tax Code regulates the payment of advance payments once a quarter. Calculation of the annual tax value is carried out taking into account transfers for the specified period. The deadline for submitting the declaration and payment is March 30 of the year following the reporting one. When transferring advance payments it is necessary to keep within 30 days from the end of the next quarter. Simultaneously, a declaration is sent via electronic communication channels, if the tax settlement is received in hard copy on the Tax Inspection, it is sent 10 days before the due date. Article 383 of the Tax Code regulates the procedure for submitting information and the date. Taxpayers can use the information reflected in the main document if there are no regional regulations that prescribe other data.

Charging

The aggregate value of the corporate property tax is calculated as the product of the rate (2.2%) and the taxable base (calculated previously). The final value is determined for the reporting year, taking into account the advance payments made. The calculation period depends on the time of setting up the enterprise for tax accounting. If divisions and subsidiaries maintain their own accounting records, then, based on their balance sheet data, they pay tax at the place of registration. In this case, the parent organization reports only for its own property. For the calculation of advance payments, the product of the rate and the taxable base is divided into four each quarter. According to the results of the reporting period, the average annual value of property is adjusted for the value of assets that have been disposed of (liquidated, sold). At the termination of activity the enterprise reports and makes corresponding payments on the basis of the work period, i.e., the offset of the advances paid occurs at the moment of the organization's withdrawal from the account.

Accounting

Calculations with the budget and off-budget funds are made by each subject of economic activity. For accountancy purposes, an account 68 has been created that, in correspondence with the registers of costs and cash, reflects the processes of charging and paying the organization's liabilities to the state. It reflects all types of tax payments arising in accordance with the scope of activities and accounting system in the enterprise.

Accounting entries for the calculation of property tax are as follows:

1. Дт 91/2 Кт 68 / sub-account - property tax is charged and included in other expenses;
2. Дт 44, 26 Кт 68 / sub-account - the accrued tax is attributed to the general economic expenses of the enterprise or to trading costs.

Both options do not contradict the legislation of the Russian Federation and are used most often. When selecting and using the cost allocation method, you must register the appropriate method in the accounting policy. Underestimation of the taxable base, incorrect spacing of the amounts under the accounting registers are violations that may entail the sanctioning of fiscal authorities from fine to administrative liability. Taxation of enterprises that are on special taxation regimes depends on the chosen accounting system. Organizations that work on UTII do not pay property tax. Simplified system (15% income - expense) implies payment of the obligation with further inclusion in the composition of expenses. With USN (6%), the tax is paid in the event that the property of the organization has property, but it is attributed to its own expenses.

Payment

The calculation of property tax, postings and calculations compiled by the accountant is controlled by the tax inspectorate in order to obtain reliable information on the payments to the budget. The credit of account 68 with the corresponding analytical account is intended for generalization of data in the calculation. To close the register, the result received during the calculation of the turnover must be paid by the enterprise to the corresponding account. In this case, the following correspondence is compiled: Дт 68 / sub account Кт 51, 55, 52 - the calculated property tax of the enterprise is transferred from the settlement, special or currency account. When transferring, it is necessary to check the correctness of the beneficiary's details and the payment code.