A microclimate is what? Industrial microclimate. Hygienic requirements to the microclimate of premises

The development of new technological means of control and regulation of the air environment in production facilities is conditioned by the need to increase the requirements for the quality of working conditions. In the environment that is favorable for health and well-being, people are more efficient in coping with their duties, which directly affects the volume of production. At the moment, the key factors for ensuring clean air are based on the use of air conditioning and industrial ventilation. The central place in the context of considering the problems of creating optimal conditions for working in the premises is the microclimate - this is a set of climate indicators of the environment inside the production facility. That is, we can distinguish two aspects that are important from the point of view of maintaining the optimal air quality in the room: the microclimate and its parameters.

What is the industrial microclimate?

In modern regulations, provided for the organization of production processes, much attention is paid to the safety of workers. Against the backdrop of the complication of manufacturing, processing and disposal technologies, there is a need for adequate protection of people. In terms of defining the concept of protection of personnel, it is the microclimate that is most important: it is the set of parameters of the air environment on the basis of which the permissible and optimal values of temperature, humidity, heat radiation and other characteristics are determined. Later they become the starting point for developing a strategy for creating comfortable conditions for the fruitful work of people in the enterprise.

Factors affecting the value of the parameters

The microclimate is formed under the influence of several factors, which determine the values of its parameters. During the day, their indicators may vary, and in some areas and at all to differ at the same time. The list of the main factors determining the parameters of the microclimate includes the following:

• Climatic belt and time of year;
• The sizes of shops, premises, departments;
• Conditions and characteristics of air exchange;
• Technical support of the production process;
• the number of employees.

Microclimate parameters

When analyzing the conditions for the formation of a microclimate in a work process, the parameters can be considered either individually or in combination. The parameters characterizing the production environment include the speed of movement, the humidity and air temperature. In addition, the possible thermal radiation is also taken into account. The temperature regime, as a rule, is determined by the characteristics of the surfaces. In particular, the state of structures and equipment (aggregates, instruments, screens) is taken into account. Temperature parameters of the microclimate are taken into account only under condition of availability of means providing heat release. The same applies to irradiation with heat. Humidity indicators are based on the vapor coefficients that are contained in the air. At the same humidity can be calculated as maximum, relative and absolute.

The influence of microclimate on the body

The parameters of the industrial microclimate directly affect the human condition. For example, reducing the temperature and increasing the speed of air flow increases convective heat transfer and heat transfer. This happens during the evaporation of sweat and can contribute to the supercooling of the body. Conversely, a production microclimate can provoke reverse processes if the air temperature rises. Humidity also plays a significant role in the impact of the production environment on the human body. With this indicator, the body's tolerance of temperature and its thermal sensations are related. If the relative humidity rises, the sweat evaporates more slowly and there is a risk of overheating the body.

Adverse effects on thermal sensations are more affected by high humidity in conditions where the temperature exceeds 30 ° C. The entire amount of heat released against the background of the evaporation of sweat will escape into the environment, which forms the working microclimate in this room. High moisture values exclude the possibility of evaporation of sweat - its droplets flow down the skin. As a result, the process of pouring perspiration starts, which acts on the person exhaustingly and prevents optimal heat transfer.

Sanitary and hygienic requirements

The norms regulating the characteristics of the microclimate are fixed in sanitary-hygienic acts for production facilities. The regulations give hygienic requirements to the microclimate, providing for optimal and permissible values of temperature, speed and humidity of the air environment. In addition, there are requirements for thermal irradiation for industrial premises, taking into account the work loads and the time of year.

Fulfillment of established standards is not always possible at enterprises where hygienic standards are in conflict with technological requirements. In such cases, compliance with the rules of supervisory services does not allow achieving economic feasibility in the work of the enterprise. However, this does not mean that managers do not take appropriate measures to create favorable working conditions. As an alternative, the introduction of measures to protect workers working in special security is practiced.

Optimal performance

Favorable microclimatic conditions at production facilities in most cases are calculated from the indicators of the functional state of the worker. Optimal requirements for the microclimate are aimed at providing a general and local sense of thermal comfort during the eight-hour shift. It is important that the minimum voltage is kept in the process of thermoregulation.

One of the main criteria in calculating the optimal microclimate indicators is the absence of factors that cause deviations in the state of health. In addition, the production microclimate must create the prerequisites for improving the working capacity of people. The requirements apply to operator workplaces, where the functions of an employee can be associated not only with the performance of technical tasks. These are areas in which work is also provided for neuro-emotional stress, for example, consoles and control posts, complexes with computers and offices, from where the operator manages technological processes.

Admissible microclimate conditions

To form conditions with acceptable parameters, less stringent requirements are used. Since the industrial microclimate is a set of indicators for different factors in the work environment, extreme indicators often become the only possible ones. In such cases, norms with acceptable values are applied. If they are observed, the risk of serious deviations in the health of employees is excluded, but the impact on specific and general feelings in the form of discomfort, the appearance of poor health and reduced efficiency are still possible. For example, the permissible temperature of the air environment, depending on the nature of the work process, can be from 3 to 5 ° C, which sometimes causes discomfort, unless special personal protective equipment is provided.

Means of measurement of microclimate parameters

To determine the parameters of the microclimate conditions, it is necessary to use the appropriate measuring instruments. A traditional device for monitoring the temperature regime is a thermometer, but thermographs can be used, with which the indicators are fixed in a certain period of time. A wider range of devices is used to determine the humidity, which is also subject to the requirements for the microclimate of premises in the form of specific values. It can be stationary and aspiration psychrometers, hygrometers, as well as barometers - aneroids, used in measuring atmospheric pressure.

Prevention of adverse effects

As already noted, adherence to the requirements for the microclimate is not always possible, and deviation from the acceptable indicators requires the implementation of preventive measures aimed at eliminating harmful influence. They are implemented by various means, including through the use of air conditioning systems, the use of personal protective equipment against the influence of low and high temperatures, etc. Since the microclimate is a state of the environment that can be local on the site, it is not uncommon to differentiate premises in enterprises Depending on the characteristics of the air. This allows you to equip special rest rooms, in which workers normalize the state of their body.