The scheme of the structure of the flower. Flowers are bisexual and dioecious

In nature, there are many different colors. Some are bright and beautiful, others are simple and unattractive. What is the reason? Can this be explained schematically? It turns out that this is quite realistic. But what exactly can explain the scheme? The structure of the flower in different plants can be very different. But the main difference is not in the shape or beauty of its petals. Much more important is what is inside him.

Flower function

To plants can reproduce themselves, they need the organs of reproduction. For this, some species have learned to give rise to a new life from the root of the shoot. In the process of evolution, others developed a flower, as the main sexual organ. It is the birth and maturation of cells, which after pollination give rise to the maturation of seeds. Above, the diagram shows the structure of the flower of a general type. Why does he look like that?

It is believed that a flower is a derivative of leaves. They, having made a bizarre metamorphosis, so adapted to the conditions of the environment. Some "learned" to self-pollinate. Others trusted the wind. The third were transformed in such a way as to attract insects by their appearance. And those, moving from one flower to another in search of nectar, would carry pollen on themselves.

Scheme: the structure of the flower

What is this reproductive organ? Typically, the flower is the final element of the main vertical or branching lateral axis. It develops from the kidney, is formed on a shortened shoot and can never be on leaves. The place where it begins to grow from the stem is called the flower stem. It is from it that leaves the "leaves" that have undergone metamorphosis in the process of evolutionary development.

The structure of the flower (a general scheme) can be considered in the example of the photo, which is located below. On it you can see a thickened flower-bearing. From it grows the perianth. Its role is secondary and consists in protecting the more important parts of the flower. Perianth can have a clear division into the calyx and corolla. It can be simple and unprepossessing, uniform in color. And in other cases, it is divided into sepals and bright petals, attracting insects with their shades.

What is especially the internal structure of the flower? The scheme of the reproductive organ of the bisexual plant shows the presence in it of stamens (male organelles) and pistil (female). They are the main parts of the flower. In turn, the pestle in the lower part is distinguished by the base - the ovary, in which the ovule is located, above - the bearing column, on top of it - the stigma. The stamen consists of a thin thread on which the anther is located.

Bisexual and dioecious flowers

What is the basis of this classification? What is their difference? The scheme of the structure of bisexual and dioecious flowers is distinguished by a set of reproductive organelles. The complete set assumes the presence of both stamens and pestle (bisexual). If only a pestle is formed, then the flower will be considered female, and if only the stamens are male. In these two cases, it is customary to speak of the dioecious reproductive parts of the plant.

What is special about the scheme: the structure of the flower? There is another classification. With bisexual flowers, the situation is simpler, their pollination occurs without any problems. With dioecious the situation is more complicated. There may be two options. In some species, flowers with a female and male origin grow side by side on the same stem (monoecious). In this case, pollination is simplified. In others, male and female flowers are formed on different plants (dioecious), and they can be located at a considerable distance from each other.

Features

The considered scheme (the structure of the flower) makes it possible to understand the essence of the division of plants according to the sexual principle. Bisexual flowers (their petals), as a rule, are less bright. This is due to the close arrangement of male and female organelles. Even one insect is enough for pollination. In some species, the stamens are generally arranged in such a way that the pollen, crumbling, immediately falls onto the pistil itself. Dioecious flowers can not pollute themselves. Therefore, their petals have a bright coloring to attract insects.

There are other classifications. Some plants bloom within 3 to 4 weeks after sowing (annuals), while others only in the second or third year (perennial). Some trees in general reach puberty only after decades. One part of the plants blossoms strictly a certain time, others (citrus) "deal" with this constantly. As a result, the fruit and seeds ripen with the same periodicity.

The essence of the bloom lies in opening access to the main reproductive organs. As the germ cells mature, the bud first opens. The perianth is exposed: first sepals, then petals. As they mature, they fully open the access to the anthers of the stamens and do not interfere with the perception of male pollen by female stigmas.