ZIL-137: specifications

In 1970, the BAZ was engaged in the modernization of the road train. And not simple, but with increased characteristics of patency. The tractor and trailer had a special wheel formula - 10x10. The road train consisted of the tractor ZIL-137 (you can see its photo in our article), as well as a special semi-trailer to it. This design was developed by specialists of the design bureau of Likhachev Plant. At the base lay the tractor ZIL-137. Let's look at the features and specifications of this car.

Advanced development

This train was intended for use in the armed forces of the USSR. At one time was the most advanced development of the domestic car industry of those years. The tractor and trailer appeared as a result of continuing experiments, which were started in 1960 with a truck tractor ZIL-157V. After a series of modifications and upgrades, ZIL-137 was maximally unified with the 131st model. The truck was given the index 2E131. The car could be equipped with one of two trailers. They had their own indices:

• 3E131.
• 4E131.

Then the all-terrain vehicle received the index 137. The first experimental car was built in Moscow in the 63rd year. Then came a series of tests - the car was repeatedly tested and modified up to 64 years. In the same year, the tractor showed itself well in a series of tests at the state level.

At that time the mileage was 18 thousand km. The machine was recommended for production and operation in the army. The car was delivered to the armament in 66, and then in the 70th along with the ZIL, BAZ specialists participated in the assembly processes. Tractors ZIL-137 came to the plant from Moscow. And the Bryansk factory was engaged in the assembly of trailers.

By the mid-70's the plant had reached volumes of up to 30 units per month. On these tractors for the first time in the history of the USSR managed to cultivate a culture of mass production of quite complex and technological hydraulic systems.

New technologies

In the process of creating a road train on the basis of ZIL-137, plant specialists constantly invented and developed the latest production technologies. For example, for the first time the so-called "light soldering" was used - the first valve boxes for controlling hydraulic drives had to be soldered just by means of silver solder. Also used "light annealing" - it was used to clean the hydraulic system of harmful deposits and pollutants. In the device of the road train, many hydraulic units were used. Production and assembly of them meant almost medical purity. This was achieved by the work of assembling hydraulic assemblies and units in rooms, protected from dust. The car was allowed to climb only in special shoes.

Every detail of the hydraulic system was under special control - special stands were used for testing and testing. They were used to flush the hydraulic system.

To be able to control the stability of the passage of technological processes, the plant was constantly tested. The small volume of production of active ZIL-137-137B road trains can be explained by complex technologies.

Design Features

Tractor ZIL-137, in contrast to the production models, was equipped with a double-disk clutch, as well as a hydraulic pump. As a drive for the hydraulic system, there was a power take-off.

The pump under high pressure transported the working fluid through a special pipeline to the hydraulic motor. The latter generated a torque, which then passed through a reduction gear and several cardan shafts. The turning moment was applied to the leading bridges on the trailer.

The spent liquid was sent back through the second pipeline. With the help of the electro-pneumatic system, the drive was started in automatic mode during acceleration and when driving on rough terrain. This corresponded to the work on the lower gears of the gearbox and the inclusion of the lowering row in the transfer case. The semi-trailer itself was equipped with a spring suspension and a drum braking system. The latter was completely unified with the brakes of the tractor.

Weight, dimensions

The tractor under the passport had a curb weight of 7000 kg. The chassis of the semi-trailer weighed 3,800 kg. The weight of the entire road train without loading was 10.8 tons. When installing special equipment, the mass could reach 19.5 tons. With a short trailer, the length reached 14,080 mm. Turning radius - 10.2 meters.

Speed characteristics

An empty road train could move along the highway without a connected drive to the semitrailer with a maximum speed of 80 km / h. If the trailer is fully loaded, then the maximum speed dropped to 60 km / h.

When the hydraulic drive was connected, it increased to 70 km / h. What did ZIL-137 have fuel consumption? The tractor consumed 52 liters per 100 kilometers. Fuel tanks had a volume sufficient to overcome 730 km.

Engine

If you look at the ZIL-137 operation manual, you can find information about the power units that were fully unified with the ZIL-131 V truck tractor. The latter, in turn, was created on the basis of the 131st model. All these cars in the 60's were equipped with a petrol four-stroke carburetor V8 - ZIL-5081. Its volume was 6 liters. The rated power, taking into account the presence of a system of limiting the speed, reached 150 liters. from. The engine is an overhead valve equipped with a liquid cooling system.

The compression ratio of the motor was 6.5. The twisting moment - 410 Nanometers. The fuel consumption with this unit for a truck tractor is considerable. Appetites were provided by two tanks for fuel for 170 liters each.

Transmission

The car was equipped with a mechanical 5-speed gearbox. It had two inertial synchronizers, which facilitated the process of switching from the second to the third and the fourth to the fifth gear.

Dispensing boxes - mechanical, two-stage. Differed by a double main transmission. In the dispenser there are two conical and cylindrical gears. Cardan transmission - open type.

Military application

In the defense department of the USSR, before the beginning of development, the prospects of the ZIL-137 tractor were highly appreciated. The technical characteristics of the model were at the highest level. The main task of the machine is to work as a transport for storage, as well as delivery to the combat positions of missiles of the ZKK 2K11.

The machine successfully passed these tests in 63 year. Later, on the basis of a tractor and a trailer, transport vehicles for the "Cube" and "Tochka" missiles were built at the plant. The tractor was also operated with the AHB-2.5 bakery unit. On the road trains on the basis of this car, also the parts and components of the pontoon bridges, mine trawls were transported. They also assumed the installation of a modernized pontoon park. But this idea has remained unrealized.

The maximum distribution was obtained by models with long trailers - their index is 137B. They were used for long-range munitions and missile systems. Also on the trailers were often installed various capacious vans with military equipment.

Malfunctions

In the future, as the car was operating, various shortcomings began to appear. Most of the problems were associated with a rather complex and capricious to the quality of hydraulic oil. Very often during operation it was possible to observe discrepancies in the operation of the wheels under load and during braking. As already noted above, in the first half of the 1970s a similar train with a 137M index was developed at the Bryansk plant instead of the 137th. Among the differences in this model was the mechanical type of drive on the trailer, which was characterized by higher reliability. Then the model received a new name in the BAZ-3405.