Year 1687. Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy: history, description and interesting facts

The Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy (1687) was the first higher educational institution in Russia. It was created in Moscow and lasted until 1814. Let us further consider what the Greco-Slavic-Latin Academy was.

History

The initiators were the poet, educator and educator Simeon Polotsky and Sylvester Medvedev - his pupil. For 2 years before his death, the first wrote "Academic privilege" - a constituent document. It put forward, in fact, the idea of creating a university, the content of education and the future rights of the institution were determined. The opening of the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy, according to S. Polotsky, would allow educating educated people for church and government service.

Learning plans

In the academy, Polotsky believed, Polish, Latin, Greek and Slavic languages were to be taught, "seven free arts" (piitics with rhetoric, grammar, astronomy, music, geometry, dialectics, philosophy) and theology. Students and teachers could only be judged by the rector - the "supreme guardian", as well as the patriarch, but not by the traditional judicial instances. Thus, a kind of university autonomy was formed. Education was supposed to be free. At the same time, students should be given a scholarship, and older teachers should receive a pension.

Polotsky explained what the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy was. He pointed out that the institution would have to release faithful clergymen, to teach students to observe the purity of religious ideas. Among the functions of the Academy, among other things, Polotsky included censorship, the right to judge apostates. The tasks of the institution should also include monitoring the activities of other educational institutions and home teachers. The Academy's main focus was on the Greek language, in which most of the liturgical books were written.

AGL Establishment

The Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy was created on the basis of the Epiphany and Printing School. The first teachers were the brothers Sofroniy and Joachim Likhudy. With the recommendatory letter of the Eastern patriarchs, they specially arrived in Moscow. The brothers possessed encyclopedic knowledge, were doctors of the Cottonian Academy. Sophronius and Joachim exerted all their efforts to create a higher spiritual educational institution in Russia. It should be noted that only 2 years after the death of Polotsky his "Privilege" (the constituent document of the Academy) was adopted by the then ruling Fedor Alexeyevich. Three years later the school received a blessing from His Holiness the Patriarch.

The first lessons

They began in 1685. The first time they passed in the Epiphany Monastery. The Likhud brothers taught at first only the Greek language. Later they expanded the educational program and introduced rhetoric into it. At the end of 1866, construction of a separate building on the territory of the Monastery of the All-Merciful Savior began, which is known as Zaikonospassky (in the place of its location - behind the iconic series). The Likhud brothers moved to a new building in the year 1687. The Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy united first three classes: the upper, middle and lower. First, they trained 104 people. A year later the students became 163, and in 1689 - 182.

Training

The course began with a preparatory class. He was called the Russian school. Upon his graduation the students were transferred. In the next class, the School of Greek Scripture, they studied Latin, Slavic and Greek. After that, students began to study other subjects. The last course taught theology, dialectics, rhetoric, physics. The Likhud brothers independently wrote all the textbooks on subjects. For a sample, they accepted the educational books of European universities. The textbooks included the works of Democritus, Aristotle, Campanella. There were examples of them from theological texts and literary works.

Composition of students

The Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy accepted the offspring of various families. So, the son of a bonded, merchant, groom could be a neighbor of a child of a high-ranking church clerk or even a noble prince. This educational institution was radically different from the others, who accepted students on the class principle. In addition to the Russians, the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy established in the year 1687 trained Belarusians, Ukrainians, people from the Commonwealth, Moldovans, Lithuanians, baptized Tatars, Georgians. In the list of students was even a Macedonian. Senior students taught at juniors, thus rendering assistance to the main teachers. In spite of the fact that at reception the class principle was not observed, students received various scholarships.

The history of the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy in the 18th century

The beginning of the century was marked by the state reforms of Peter. They touched upon the reform and educational system. In the life of the Academy, a qualitatively new stage began. The number of students increased to 600, the teachers were added, the library was expanded. In 1701, the institution was given the status of a state academy. Peter began to invite teachers from Lviv and Kiev, because they had an idea about the system of Western European education. As the main language began to speak Latin. The duration of the training was set at 12-15 years. The nature of the educational process itself began to approach the West European system. Now the academy produced not only theologians, but also doctors, translators, civil servants.

Further changes

Many students did not finish high school, and after the first year of study they went to medical, engineering, and mathematical schools, because they knew Latin. Children from poor families were sent abroad. There they studied Persian, Turkish, Arabic, and also "literary sciences", which were studied at that time in France. About the academy began to speak in Europe. With the permission of the Synod, adopted in 1721, foreigners began to enter the institution. They were equated with Russian students.

In 1708 and 1710 years. 2 edicts were issued. The documents ordered the children of clergymen to study in "Latin and Greek schools," and only after their graduation they could count on a spiritual rank. However, young people did not show enthusiasm for education. In this connection, since 1721 the Synod began demanding that the priests receive a receipt from the priests that their children would finish the school.

The academy was not popular among the nobles, because it had quite a few students from poor families. In 1729 half the students were children of soldiers. Many pupils - people from the common people had to earn extra money to provide themselves with food. The same fate befell the great MV Lomonosov. For five years he lived almost half-starved, but did not give up his studies. After graduation, the children of the peasants returned to their landlords. Since 1277 the commoners have ceased to enter the academy.

Interesting Facts

Acting since the year 1687 the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy had the most extensive collection of books in Russia. The state library was handed over to the educational institution as a whole and to eternal use. One of the first theaters of Russia was established at the academy. It was based on the school circle, in which Simeon Polotsky put the works "On Nebuchadnezzar", "On the Prodigal Son."

The first official performance of the Academy Theater was held in 1701, in November. The troupe staged a drama in the evangelical parable of Lazarus and richer. Since this year, performances have become traditional in the life of a secular society. In 1705 Feofan Prokopovich staged the tragicomedy "Vladimir". Two years earlier, a performance was held, considered one of the brightest in the history of the theater academy. The performance was a triumphant act and was devoted to Peter's capture of Noteburg. In the play, the war was depicted as the struggle between "Russian Mars" and evil forces. The latter were embodied in the images of the "moon of the Tauride" and "the lion of the Swedish". The production ended with the triumphant entry of "Russian Mars".

Buildings in Moscow

The facilities, where the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy, established in the year 1687, was given the status of a monument of architecture of federal significance. In the process of rebuilding the ground crossing, the buildings received a number of damages. In 2009, the Moskomnaslediye advocated the transfer of the Academy's facilities to the monastic function that existed earlier. This was stated by the chairman of the body - Valery Shevchuk.