Who invented the multiplication table? Multiplication table in game form

Understanding the multiplication table lays the foundation for further study of mathematics. Without such knowledge, training will become problematic. Therefore, already in the elementary school you need to learn the multiplication table.

Who invented the multiplication table?

For the first time in the familiar form, the multiplication table appeared in the work of Nicomachus of Geraz (I-II centuries AD) - "Introduction to arithmetic."

So who invented the multiplication table? It is generally believed that the first person who discovered it is Pythagoras, although there is no direct evidence or confirmation. There are only indirect evidence. As, for example, Nikomakh Gerazsky refers to Pythagoras in his work.

In this case, there is one of the oldest tables of multiplication, shown on clay tablets, whose age is about 4-5 thousand years, and it was discovered in Ancient Babylon. It was based on the sexagesimal system of calculus. The table with the decimal system of calculation was found in China, in 305 BC. Therefore, to clearly answer the question: "Who invented the multiplication table" - will not work.

To date, the multiplication table is called the "Pythagorean table" and looks like a square, the sides of which are indicated by multipliers, and the cells are their product.

Getting Started

Parents whose children went to school sooner or later will have to help the child learn and understand the multiplication table. Starting to study it, the child already knows how to add and subtract, has an idea of mathematical actions.

The multiplication table for children should be based on motivation, explaining why it is necessary. It is necessary, with the help of an example, to lead a child to the fact that knowing the table can make it easier for us to perform some tasks. For example, if there are three packages of sweets in the store and six candies in each package, then to quickly find out how many candies, it is necessary not to count them individually, but multiply by three to six and immediately recognize the result.

To begin to study the table, the child must well understand the essence of the multiplication. You must first explain the principle of counting. That is, for example, if you need 3 * 8, then it will be the same as 8 + 8 + 8. Based on such examples, the child must learn and understand the principle of multiplication.

When the basis has been disassembled and the child has learned the order of actions, it is necessary to start learning the multiplication table

Teaching easy and simple

Learning by heart the table is hard. The child should be interested, then the learning process will also be easier. So, we learn the multiplication table with interest and joy. There are several types of games related to the study of the table. Depending on which channel of perception the child learns better and faster, information is studied. The multiplication table in the game form will be interesting and easy to understand.

There are 3 channels of perception:

• visual;
• Audial;
• Kinesthetic.

If a child has a more developed visual channel of perception, then he needs to look at the table when studying it. You can hang a homemade table in the room. Visual perception will speed up the process, and memorization will be easier.

The auditory channel is more aural perception of information. To date, there have been many songs and poems aimed at learning. Therefore, it will be easier for a child to learn a table if she is present in his auditory perception.

With kinesthetic perception, you must touch everything, feel it in your hands. As with the table, it is better to visualize it more clearly. For example, decompose the cubes or any other objects onto the plates and explain the principle of multiplication.

Secrets of the multiplication table

The multiplication table in the game form is an excellent option for elementary school children. Remembering it will be easier if you add game elements to the study. When memorizing a table, more mechanical memory is involved. However, it is better to use the associative method for simple memorization.

The study of the multiplication table will be easier if you use:

• poems;
• songs;
• Cards;
• Audio and video materials;
• Online simulators.

There are also secrets when multiplying, for example, by the number 9, knowing which, you can study the table faster.

Poems and songs

The multiplication table for children will learn with interest if the child is interested. There are many poems and songs, when learning which memorizes the multiplication table. In such verses the rhyme is told about the multiplication of two numbers and their result. In the future, poetry will act as an association, remembering which, you can learn the result.

Remembering rhymes and songs, you can learn the multiplication table easier and faster.

Cards

Playing cards is effective when the table is already learned and it is required to bring the received knowledge to automaticity.

The meaning of the game: cards are made with examples, without answers. Turn over with a clean side up, shuffle and stretch the children one at a time. Pulling out the card, the child must answer - to solve an example. If the answer is correct, the card is removed, if the answer is incorrect or not given at all, then the card returns to the game. As a result, there are examples at the end of the game that caused difficulty in answering, therefore, when solving them again, the children repeat and fix the material that is difficult for them.

The peculiarity of this game is that you can take cards as with the whole multiplication table, and choose only one specific number, and then add more.

Playing in this way, children hone their knowledge and bring them to automaticity.

Secret of multiplication table by 9

Multiply any number from 1 to 10 by 9 on fingers. For this, we must put both hands with straightened fingers next to each other and mentally number the fingers in a row from 1 to 10. Now, to multiply, for example, 6 by 9, it is necessary to raise the sixth finger (up). Let's count the number of fingers before the sixth one raised - there will be 5 of them, and after - 4, put the numbers side by side and get 54. In the same way, you can calculate the result for any other number, within ten, multiplying by 9.

Study from simple to complex

To learn the multiplication table, it is better to start from prime numbers, that is, from one. Starting to learn the table for lighter numbers, the child will not lose interest in learning. And if we start with the numbers 10, 9, then, on the contrary, a loss of faith in one's own strength is possible, and further training will be difficult.

When studying multiplication by 1, 2, 3, the child is in a position in practice to verify the correctness of the solutions, and beginning to study with the number 9, in practice it will be problematic to check the correctness.

Using the square of Pythagoras, and having learned the table before the multiplier of 6, it is necessary for clarity to paint in the green color already learned examples and see that there are not so many left. Before this, pay attention to the child that when changing the places of multipliers the result will be the same, that is, if 2 * 9 = 18, then 9 * 2 = 18.

Be sure to praise and encourage in learning. Do not scold or punish - this will only turn the child away from the teaching of the table, and then it will be given to him with great difficulty.

Unusual and interesting

To study the table of Pythagoras, one can still return to the upper grades and find out what is the secret of the multiplication table.

In the late 90s of the 20th century, the scientist A. A. Matveev invented a method for translating figures into a graphic image. Based on his teachings, the method of "Katya" was created graphical image of the multiplication table.

The essence of the method: the numbers (the column of multiplication results) are reflected horizontally (in reverse order) and by the principle of comparing numbers with each other, more or less, are coded, respectively, by pluses or minuses.

Applying this method, one can understand that in the multiplication table the logical construction of the digits is in a polar system in which the pluses and minuses form two ellipses of different polarity. It turns out that the multiplication table is an integral form with its own graphics and polarity.

The study and memorization of the multiplication table is a mandatory and key stage in the passage of the school curriculum. This knowledge will be needed throughout the school and in the future will facilitate in some moments life. So who invented the table? The multiplication and division table, as many believe, was created by Pythagoras. However, the absence of documented works of this scientist calls into question the correctness of authorship. However, doubts as to who invented the multiplication table, do not interfere with the use and use in her studies.