Horizontal centrifugal pump: types and characteristics

To ensure the operability of the water pipe, it is not enough to organize a well or a well. It is also necessary to take care of the delivery of water to the house. If the well is at a distance from the structure and its depth exceeds 10 m, it is advisable to use a horizontal centrifugal pump. Units of this category are able to supply water under pressure to a height of more than 80 m, while spending the minimum amount of energy.

Principle of operation

The horizontal centrifugal pump creates sufficient head due to centrifugal force, which arises from the rotation of the internal wheel of the unit when exposed to liquid.

By means of the suction nozzle, water fills the pump body, the inner part of which has a spiral similarity. Here are the impellers in the form of blade blades. When the latter is activated, water is thrown to the walls of the hull by the action of centrifugal force. The larger the diameter of the impeller, the higher the pressure of the discharging water.

Design

The horizontal centrifugal pump contains the following main components. It:

• Housing.
• Receiving valve, protected by a grid, which serves to screen out impurities.
• Impellers with blades.
• A safety valve that protects the horizontal centrifugal pump against hydraulic shocks.
• The manometer.
• Automatic catch.

Classification

Currently, a wide range of individual modifications of the units are selected, depending on the design. Let's consider the options that are most in demand in everyday life and in production.

Single-stage

The centrifugal horizontal one-stage pump is obliged by its name to the nature of the connection of the impeller to the shaft. Here, the shaft functions as a console in the space between the front bearing and the wheel. The mechanism is located on a foundation plate, where it is connected to an electric motor.

A horizontal centrifugal pump is designed for working with clean liquids. This, in turn, means that the units of this category should be used for pumping a chemically inactive medium with low density indices.

Multistage

Multistage centrifugal pumps horizontal contain several impellers on the common shaft. The principle of operation of equipment in this category can be compared with the operation of several single-stage units with a serial connection. The main task of such systems is the formation of an impressive head with relatively low fluid flows.

Cantilever

From the point of view of hydraulics such an aggregate is a mechanism with a centrifugal wheel in the form of two disks, between which the blades are located. The latter have a bend opposite the direction of rotation of the wheel.

The centrifugal horizontal cantilever pump is characterized by high efficiency of operation, which is ensured by an impressive speed of the working blades of the mechanism. When the wheels rotate, the centrifugal force creates a vacuum effect in the pressure line, resulting in increased pressure in the peripheral zones.

The centrifugal horizontal cantilever pump is widely used in the organization of water supply, heating and heat supply systems. Often, the use of such equipment is resorted to when it is necessary to meet domestic needs, for example, when watering personal plots, when a conventional single-stage pump is not sufficient due to low water pressure.

Chemical

Centrifugal horizontal chemical pumps are produced mainly in multi-stage design. They are industrial units that are used to move neutral, toxic, chemically aggressive, flammable and harmful liquid substances. Often used for pumping liquefied gases, evaporation of which in combination with air form explosive mixtures.

Cryogenic

A horizontal centrifugal cryogenic pump has a similar principle of action, characteristic of aggregates of the previous classes. A decisive difference is the possibility of installation on vehicles in the form of an element of complex technological systems for the conservation of cryogenic products.

Dimensions

Choosing horizontal centrifugal pumps for water, special attention should be paid to their size. Usually the diameter of the aggregate is not determinative. But the length significantly affects the safety of subsequent operation under specific conditions.

If the well is 10 m deep and the water level is 3 m from the top, any pumps longer than 90 cm can be installed here. After all, there will be a sufficient layer of liquid on top and on top of the equipment.

With a lack of water in the well, it is forbidden to use "long" units. In such cases it is worth giving preference to submersible centrifugal models. The latter are less sensitive to hard particles and sand impurities, protected from "dry running" due to float switches.

Performance

The selection of a centrifugal pump according to this parameter depends entirely on the water flow in the water supply system. The capacity of the unit should somewhat exceed the needs of the tenants in the water. Determine the required value allows summing the flow rate of all the "consumers", in other words - washbasins, showers, sinks, washing machines, other plumbing fixtures.

Benefits

Advantages of centrifugal pumps can be conditionally divided into functional and constructive ones.

Such units are extremely compact due to the connection with the electric motor and steam turbines. As a consequence, the installations themselves have small dimensions, low weight, despite impressive performance. To install a centrifugal pump requires a minimum of free space and a relatively light foundation.

Among the functional advantages is a simple adjustment and quick activation. Centrifugal pumps continuously and extremely smoothly supply working fluids. In this case, the probability of occurrence of hydraulic shocks in the pressure line is significantly reduced.

Such equipment is suitable for pumping substances with a high content of contaminants, suspensions and particulate matter.

The budget cost of most models is a consequence of the use of inexpensive substrates such as steel, polymer compounds and cast iron as materials for manufacturing.

Applications

Centrifugal pumps are suitable for pumping water of any rigidity, temperature, viscosity. As a result, their exploitation is not confined to the domestic sphere. Often such units are used by enterprises of the oil industry, utilities, mining companies.

Submersible pumps are used for pumping clean water from wells and wells, draining flooded premises. By giving preference to such equipment for the realization of these needs, consumers are guided by the possibility of continuous operation of the units for a long time.

Centrifugal pumps are widely used as an element of petrochemical plants, equipment for the production of food products, and means for chemical processing of substances.

Features of operation

To extend the life of the pump and ensure its trouble-free operation, the assembly of the unit requires a certain set of additional elements.

To protect the impellers from penetration into the system of foreign bodies, the inlet lines of the units are closed by filters and latches. To avoid outflow of pumped liquid in the opposite direction, pressure gauges for monitoring the pressure level and special shut-off valves are installed .

When choosing the dimensions of the pump rely on the value of the necessary key characteristics: the head, the capacity that the unit must provide, taking into account the resistance of the water supply system.

Horizontal installation of a submersible centrifugal pump in a well

The centrifugal submersible unit is placed in the well using a cable. As a fastening, a special metal frame is prepared, which is fixed above the tank.

Installation of the pump is carried out in strict sequence:

• The unit is placed in the end of the length of the pipe, by means of which it will be connected to the tee that goes into the pipeline.
• A cable is prepared to connect the equipment to the network.
• A brass or plastic coupling is connected to the pump back valve, which, in turn, joins the pipe.
• After the safety cable, pipe and electrical cable are combined into a single structure, the pump slowly descends into the well.
• When the submersible unit is at the required depth, the cable is fixed to a previously prepared metal frame.
• The vertical pipeline is connected to the tee inside the well.
• Outside, an electric cable is output, and if necessary starts in the trench leading to the house.

After completing the above activities, you can focus on laying the pipeline in the foundation of the structure and its connection to the location of the equipment, be it a boiler, a hydraulic accumulator, or a water filter.

Eventually

Centrifugal pumps are included in the most numerous group of equipment intended for pumping liquid substances. Apparently, the aggregates of this category are somewhat different in terms of application and functional purpose. Household appliances supply clean water and liquid with minor impurities, industrial models can be used to work with fairly aggressive environments.