Liquid fuel burner: features of design, operation and control

The use of liquid fuel as an energy source for heating systems is not always justified, but in some situations there is simply no other way out. In this case, in order to save on heating the premises, a liquid fuel burner is installed in the existing boiler, which uses fuel oil, oil, diesel fuel, kerosene and a mixture of these materials as fuel.

Distinctive features

To ensure that the purchase has met expectations, it has served for a long time and it is necessary to take a responsible approach to choosing this equipment, as well as to study the nuances of work and the requirements. The composition of a liquid fuel burner usually consists of three elements - an air fan, a heating chamber and a nozzle with igniting mixture of electrodes. In addition, the structure of the structure can include a fuel pump and trunks, an uninterruptible power supply and voltage rectifiers.

In view of the fact that the liquid-fuel burner uses viscous materials as fuel, which, in addition, during combustion, produce a large amount of carbon monoxide, soot and burnt, a number of requirements are presented to it.

Required requirements

Firstly, the fuel before feeding it to the nozzle must have a certain consistency. This task is handled by the heating chamber. In some cases, this function is entrusted to the fuel pump, which causes the mixture to circulate between the combustion chamber and the fuel tank. Secondly, the combustion chamber must be maintained with an overpressure for constant and forced air circulation - otherwise the thrust will go out and the flame will go out. To solve this problem, the oil burner is equipped with an air fan.

Features of functioning

The principle of operation of the equipment is simple. Fuel by means of the fuel pump arrives in the heating chamber, where it acquires the necessary viscosity, and then is fed to the injector. At the same time, the fan blades "catch" air into the combustion chamber, thereby blowing it. The vortex of the air determines the shape of the flame, its intensity. Carbon monoxide and combustion products are taken to the street through the chimney, and the resulting energy heats the coolant. The peculiarity of the functioning of the units is that the fuel tank and the liquid fuel burner itself can be located separately from each other and even in separate rooms. The distance between these two elements affects the power of the fuel pump.

The combustion process of the combustible mixture is accompanied by strong noise. Therefore, some owners of country houses prefer to install systems in a separate room and even in a separate building.

Structural features

According to the design, the devices can be block and monoblock. The fuel oil burner is a separate element, that is, the fuel pump, the heating chamber, the fan and the fuel tank are supplied separately from each other. This gives a wide scope for combining different types of elements. As a rule, such equipment is used wherever a flame of high power is needed, most often in industrial plants. Monoblock burners are ready-to-use devices. At the same time, the fuel pump, the fan and the injectors are located at the same time. All you need to get started is to install and configure the equipment.

Monoblock structures are referred to only as low-power oil burners. They are used to heat private homes, housing and communal services for the heating of apartment buildings, wherever a low-power installation is required.

Methods of management

Another feature is the combustion management system. Depending on the installed automation and design features, oil burners for boilers can be:

• Single-stage - only operate at 100% power, to control the heating temperature, it is necessary to periodically turn on / off the boiler.
• Two-stage - operate in two main modes: 100% and 30-40% of maximum power. When the maximum temperature is reached, the automatics reduces the intensity of combustion to a certain level and maintains the flame until the boiler cools down.
• Smoothly-stepped - the principle of operation is similar to the previous one, but the change in operating conditions does not occur spasmodically, but gradually, as cooling / heating of the coolant.
• Modular - these systems include a microprocessor that examines the temperature of the ambient air and the level of viscosity of the fuel, depending on these parameters increases or reduces the power of the flame.

Both monoblock and block burner liquid fuel can have in its design one of the presented control systems. This affects its cost, fuel consumption, durability, reliability and maintainability. Choosing the best option, you can save on heating your home.