What will show the ECG of the heart? Symptoms of diseases

The concept of "ECG" stands for "electrocardiogram". This is a graphic record of the electrical impulses of the heart.

In the heart of a person there is a driver of rhythm. The pacemaker is directly in the right atrium. This place is usually called a sinus node. The impulse that comes from this node is called the sinus impulse (it will help decipher what the ECG will show). It is this source of impulses that lies in the heart itself and generates electric pulses. Then they are sent to the conductive system. The impulses of people who do not have cardiac pathology pass through the conducting cardiac system evenly. All these outgoing pulses are recorded and displayed on the tape of the cardiogram.

From this it follows that the ECG - the electrocardiogram - is the graphically recorded impulses of the cardiac system. Will ECG show problems with the heart ? Of course, this is an excellent and quick way to detect any heart disease. Moreover, the electrocardiogram is the most basic method in diagnosing the detection of pathology and various heart diseases.

The ECG apparatus was created by the Englishman A. Waller in the seventies of the XIX century. Over the next 150 years, the apparatus that records the electrical activity of the heart has undergone changes and improvements. Although the principle of work has not changed.

Modern ambulance brigades are necessarily equipped with portable ECG devices, with which you can very quickly make an ECG, saving valuable time. With the help of an ECG, you can even diagnose a person. ECG will show problems with the heart: from acute heart pathologies to myocardial infarction. In these cases, one can not lose a minute, and therefore a timely cardiogram can save a person's life.

Doctors of ambulance teams themselves decode the ECG tape and in case of acute pathology, if the device shows a heart attack, then, including the siren, the patient is quickly taken to the clinic, where he will be immediately given emergency care. But with problems, urgent hospitalization is not necessary, everything will depend on what the ECG will show.

In what cases is an electrocardiogram prescribed

If a person has the symptoms described below, the cardiologist directs him to an electrocardiogram:

• Swollen legs;
• Fainting;
• There is shortness of breath;
• Pain in the sternum, in the back, pain in the neck.

ECG is mandatory for pregnant women for examination, for people preparing for surgery, for medical examination.

Also ECG results are required in case of a trip to a sanatorium or if you need permission for any sports activities.

For prevention and if a person does not have any complaints, doctors recommend taking an electrocardiogram once a year. Often this can help diagnose cardiac pathologies that occur asymptomatically.

What will the ECG show?

On the tape itself, a cardiogram can show a combination of teeth, as well as recessions. These dents are denoted by large Latin letters P, Q, R, S and T. When deciphering, the cardiologist examines and deciphers the width, height of the teeth, their size and the intervals between them. According to these indicators, you can determine the general condition of the heart muscle.

With the help of an electrocardiogram it is possible to detect various pathologies of the heart. Will the ECG show a heart attack? Of course, yes.

What defines an electrocardiogram

• Heart rate - heart rate.
• Rhythms of contractions of the heart.
• A heart attack.
• Arrhythmias.
• Hypertrophy of the ventricles.
• Ischemic and cardiologic changes.

The most disappointing and serious diagnosis on an electrocardiogram is myocardial infarction. In the diagnosis of heart attacks, the ECG plays an important and even the main role. With the help of a cardiogram, the necrosis zone, localization and depth of lesions of the heart site are revealed. Also, when decoding the tape of a cardiogram, it is possible to recognize and distinguish acute myocardial infarction from an aneurysm and past scars. Therefore, when passing medical examination, it is necessary to do a cardiogram, because it is very important for the doctor to know what the ECG will show.

Most often, the heart attack is directly related to the heart. But it is not so. An infarct can occur in any organs. There is a heart attack (when the lung tissue partially or completely die, if there was a blockage of the arteries).

There is a cerebral infarction (in another ischemic stroke) - the death of brain tissue, the cause of which may be a thrombosis or rupture of the brain vessels. With a cerebral infarction, such functions as the gift of speech, physical movements and sensitivity can completely disappear or disappear.

When a person has an infarction, the body dies or becomes dead. The body loses the tissue or the site of an organ, as well as the functions performed by this organ.

Myocardial infarction is the dying out or ischemic necrosis of the sites or the site of the cardiac muscle directly due to complete or partial loss of blood supply. Cells of the heart muscle begin to die approximately 20-30 minutes after the blood flow stops. If a person has a myocardial infarction, blood circulation is disturbed. One or more blood vessels in this case fail. Most often, heart attacks occur due to clogged blood vessels with thrombi (atherosclerotic plaques). The area of infarction depends on the severity of organ failure, for example, extensive myocardial infarction or a microinfarction. Therefore, do not immediately despair if the ECG shows a heart attack.

This becomes a threat to the work of the entire cardiovascular system of the body and threatens life. In the modern period, heart attacks are the leading cause of death among the population of the developed countries of the world.

Symptoms of a heart attack

• Dizziness.
• Labored breathing.
• Pain in the neck, shoulder, which can give in the back, numbness.
• Cold sweat.
• Nausea, a feeling of a full stomach.
• Sense of chest tightness.
• Heartburn.
• Cough.
• Chronic fatigue.
• Loss of appetite.

The main signs of myocardial infarction

1. Intense pain in the heart.
2. Pain that does not stop after taking nitroglycerin.
3. If the duration of pain is more than 15 minutes.

Causes of infarction

1. Atherosclerosis.
2. Rheumatism.
3. Congenital heart defect.
4. Diabetes.
5. Smoking, obesity.
6. Arterial hypertension.
7. Vasculitis.
8. Increased blood viscosity (thrombosis).
9. Previously transferred heart attacks.
10. Severe spasms of the coronary artery (for example, when taking cocaine).
11. Age changes.

ECG also reveals other diseases, such as tachycardia, arrhythmia, ischemic disorders.

Arrhythmia

What to do if the ECG showed an arrhythmia?

Arrhythmia can be characterized by numerous changes in the reduction of heart rate.

Arrhythmia is a condition in which there is a disturbance of the heart rate and heart rate. More often this pathology is marked by a malfunction of the heartbeat; The patient has a fast, slow heartbeat. Growth is observed with inspiration, and decrease with exhalation.

Angina pectoris

If the patient has pain attacks under the breastbone or to the left of her in the region of the left hand, which can last for several seconds, and may last up to 20 minutes, the ECG will show angina.

Pain usually increases with lifting weights, heavy physical exertion, when going out into the cold and can disappear at rest. These pains decrease within 3-5 minutes when taking nitroglycerin. The patient pales skin and becomes uneven heart rate, which causes interruptions in the work of the heart.

Angina pectoris is one of the forms of ischemic heart disease. It is often difficult to diagnose angina pectoris, because such abnormalities can occur in other cardiac pathologies. Angina pectoris may further lead to heart attacks and strokes.

Tachycardia

Many are very worried when they learn that the ECG has shown a tachycardia.

Tachycardia - an increase in heart rate at rest. Rhythm of the heart with tachycardia can reach up to 100-150 beats per minute. Such pathology can occur in people, regardless of age, when lifting weights or with increased physical exertion, as well as with strong psychoemotional arousal.

Still, tachycardia is more likely not a disease, but a symptom. But this is no less dangerous. If the heart starts to beat too fast, then it can not keep up with the blood, which subsequently leads to a reduction in blood outflow and a lack of oxygen in the body, as well as the heart muscle itself. If the tachycardia lasts more than a month, it can lead to further malfunctions in the heart muscle and to an increase in the size of the heart.

Symptoms typical for tachycardia

• Dizziness, fainting.
• Weakness.
• Dyspnea.
• Increased anxiety.
• Sensation of an increased palpitation.
• Heart failure.
• Pain in the chest.

The causes of tachycardia can be: coronary heart disease, various infections, toxic effects, ischemic changes.

Conclusion

Now there are many different heart diseases that can be accompanied by painful and painful symptoms. Before starting their treatment, it is necessary to diagnose, find out the cause of the problem and, if possible, eliminate it.

To date, carrying out an electrocardiogram is the only effective method in diagnosing heart pathologies, which is also completely harmless and painless. This method is suitable for everyone - both children and adults, and is also accessible, effective and highly informative, which is very important in modern life.