What is vernacular? Literary language and vernacular

What is vernacular? This is a fairly common phenomenon in the Russian language. Now, such "words" can be heard from representatives of various sectors of society. There is no precise definition of this concept. In this work we will try to make out the words of vernacular from different sides and understand their role in the literary Russian language.

Definition of concept

So, what is vernacular? It is very difficult to define this phenomenon. It is believed that poorly educated inhabitants of our country use such language forms. The latter is very important, because there is not a single language that uses such forms. Just note that the literary language and common speech are related. Most authors use this technique in order to delimit the social strata in the work.

Watch how you talk with the household, even though we do not notice it, but we use a lot of vernacular, surely in your conversation the words "telly", "dibdishnik", "nashodit", "bicker" and so on. It's easier than saying: TV, DVD-player, add extra unnecessary work, and the like. We are all understood, because Russian vernacular is firmly entrenched in our lives.

Dependence on education

It is believed that vernacular in the oral and written speech of a person directly depends on his status, position and education. People most likely to use speech are those who hold the following positions:

• Drivers.
• Laborers.
• Employees of trade.
• Builders and so on.

That is, the dependence on these word forms is inversely proportional to the status of a person. Also in this category are people serving in law enforcement. Why is this happening? In the army, during communion, the so-called soldier argo is used, that is, vernaculars with a dash of technical vocabulary vocabulary.

Classification of common speakers

The following types of this phenomenon are divided in Russian:

• Vernacular-1.
• Vernacular-2.

It is easy to remember, but they are often confused, we will analyze each of them in more detail so that there is no misunderstanding in this matter. For the systematization of knowledge, we will present below a table that will help you to consolidate the material studied once and for all.

Proverbs-1

Consider the first form. What is vernacular-1 and for whom it is characteristic? L.I. Skvortsov, a famous researcher, singled out a group of people who are inclined to use these words:

• Aged people.
• With a low degree of education.
• With a weak cultural level.

Note that it is very important that the core of the group is made up of older people, usually women.

Phonetics

Common speech is a form of the Russian language, which is not typical for everyone. Let us analyze the phonetics of the first kind.

1. The softening of consonants is where it is inappropriate (for example, con'ver't).
2. Missed vowels (for example, aradar).
3. Inappropriate use of sound "in" (for example, radhiva).
4. Insertion of vowels (rubel).

For some reason, one immediately remembers the talk of your beloved grandmother, the pictures of the countryside, calmness come to light.

The features of common speech of the first kind

Let's analyze the most popular moments:

1. Changing the word from the cases or persons leads to the incorrect formation of the received (I want, I want, I want, I want).
2. Inconsistencies of births in phrases (thick jam).
3. Change in the ending of masculine nouns, with the letter "y" (on the beach, on the gas).
4. Finish on -yes and -ev (ruble, place and so on).
5. Declination of words that are not inclined (we are coming from the kin).

Vocabulary

As for this section of the Russian language, here there are also a number of features, for example: the use of words inherent exclusively for everyday communication, they are not literary words (angry, very fast, turn, and so on). The second feature is the use of words in a meaning different from literary meaning. An example is the replacement of "respect" instead of "love": I do not respect pickled tomatoes.

Incorrect use of the word "plague", for example: plague, where did you run ?! Here, adhering to the norms of the literary language, it is more appropriate to be crazy or unbalanced. Another vivid and memorable example can be the use of "walking" in meaning - "to have a close relationship." Example: She walked with him for about a year.

Who is typical of the use of common speech of the second type

Researcher LI Skvortsov found that this form is used by representatives of the younger generation with a low level of education and cultural development. We have already said that it is possible to divide by sex, the first type is used predominantly by elderly women, while vernacular-2 is mostly heard from men.

Note that there is no such abundance of characteristics as in the first species, as it is younger and less studied. So, what is vernacular-2? This is something between literary speech and jargon (both social and professional).

This literary vernacular is a bridge through which new words and their forms enter our language. Carriers:

• They are from the countryside.
• Urban residents, characterized by a dialect environment.
• Citizens with a low level of education and engaged in unskilled labor.

The most popular professions: sellers, cleaners, stevedores, hairdressers, waiters and so on.

Interrelation of the literary language and vernacular

You probably noticed that in everyday life you often use words that are not typical of the literary language. How did they come to us? Thanks to the jargon, peculiar to a particular social group or profession. In order to become clear about what is at stake, give examples: "puncture" - failure; "Pull back" - rest; "Scumbag" - a person who does not recognize any normativity in his behavior and so on.

Despite the fact that this is not a literary language, the words are very firmly entrenched in our lexical set.

Table

To consolidate the material, we move on to the promised item for the systematization of knowledge.

In conclusion, we say that the use of common speech in spoken and written speech is characteristic of the urban population, but only to give a specific hue. In order to convey their feelings, to saturate their stories with colors, people use this technique, while fully aware of its incorrectness. Only in this case, vernacular does not carry any negative color.

Many use it and as an obscene vocabulary, as a rule, this is a poorly educated population, unable to express their thoughts in literary language. This all leads to stratification of the language and its degradation. Common sense is appropriate only in cases when it is used as a stylistic device, if it is used in everyday life, then it will have a negative color. We strongly advise you not to use such words in communication with other people, since the interlocutor can doubt the quality of your education and cultural level.