What is electric hoist? Electric hoist for vertical lifting of loads

Load-lifting mechanisms were perfected over the centuries, undergoing changes in contractions and increasing the power potential. To date, advanced developers have succeeded in creating compact and simple devices. The most common system is the winch, but its operating principle imposes some restrictions on operation. In turn, the electric hoist as an upgraded version of the winch mechanism has a higher load capacity and reliability. Although the sophisticated design with the presence of hoists also implies compliance with a number of technical conditions during installation, such equipment has virtually no alternative in terms of performance and ease of use.

Design

In general, the electric hoist is a drum set equipped with a motor, a brake (electromagnetic or shoe), a lifting cable and a propulsion device (rails). If we consider in more detail the features of some models, we should also note the presence of an elevating gearbox, hook suspension and an electronic control system of the mechanism. The last element is either optional, or bundled.

The main component of the structure is the trolley, on which the hoists with the load are moved. The electric motor is responsible for the operation of the lifting gear and is controlled by the remote control. The presence of a telpher allows not only to diversify the ways of lifting in certain conditions of the room, but also to carry out more complex lifting schemes, in which cantilevers and bridge cranes are also used.

Operating parameters

Among the key performance characteristics of any hoist is the load capacity, the maximum distance of action and the speed of the trolley. The weight range of the load, permissible for lifting, varies from 250 to 10 thousand kg. At the same time, the most popular electric hoist is 1 t, which is the optimal option for speed and lifting capabilities. Maximum climbing distances may exceed 30 m, and a minimum of 5-6 m. As can be seen, the technical capabilities of electrical units are an order of magnitude greater than manual mechanisms that are difficult to control at high altitudes.

The average speed for vertical lifting by the electric hoist is 8 m per minute, and the same operation in the horizontal direction is 20 m per minute. Again, these are average indicators, and on the market you can find modifications that run on micro-speeds. For example, an electric hoist of 0.5 t is capable of performing a large number of responsible and precise lifting operations at a low speed - models with higher load capacities can not cope with such tasks.

Applications

The areas of use of electric hoists cover construction, production, industry and private facilities. Wherever it is required to work with the load, it is possible to use this unit. However, the introduction of hoists and high-tech motors into the design has also conditioned technical requirements for operating conditions and installation. That is, in a small room, even a technically modest electric hoist 1 ton can cause problems in the installation. On the other hand, the ability to work at different speeds, a variety of load-lifting characteristics and a rail-based travel system allow the introduction of such mechanisms on complex production lines and in warehouses where precision of lifting operations and stability in their performance are required.

Principle of operation

Despite the introduction of a number of additions to the design in comparison with the classic winch device, the hoist retained a simple working principle. For starters, it is installed and connected to the network. Then the operator clings the cargo object onto the hook, fixes it with a special carbine and activates the lifting mechanism through the control panel. From this point on, the electric hoist triggers the rotation of the drum and the winding of the rope (or chain). When the load rises to the required level, the user presses "stop". The brake system fixes the lifting cable in the current position, allowing further operations with the load.

Modern electric hoists have special recommendations for operating modes. This concerns the time intervals for direct ascent and rest. Following these instructions, you can eliminate the risks of overloading the electric motor and other violations in the functions of individual elements.

Difference chain hoist from cable

The fact that chain models are more often used in large industries undoubtedly speaks for them. The advantages that electric chain hoists have are as follows:

• Reliability.
• High maintainability (it is enough to replace the damaged element).
• Durability.
• High load-carrying capacity.

Cable ropes, in view of the characteristics of the material itself, are not able to compete on many criteria with units equipped with metal chains. Nevertheless, they also have advantages. For example, wire rope hoists are smaller and cheaper. Such equipment is advisable to use in small warehouses and production facilities.

Mobile and stationary

Virtually all modern models of electric hoists for vertical lifting can be installed with the ability to move. For this purpose, even at the stage of installation, a carriage with rails is provided, along which movement is carried out. It is not necessary to use a mechanism for horizontal lifting. Mobility, which is endowed with an electric hoist, often serves to perform operations at different points in the room.

Stationary models are designed for vertical lifting at one point. Usually it focuses on the preparation of the cargo to move to the place of subsequent logistics procedures. Mounting in this case is provided by high-strength metal clips or other fixing elements.

Additional equipment

A secondary option usually includes security tools. A typical representative of such systems is protection against overheating - when the electric motor enters the peak operating phase, the device automatically cuts off the power supply, preventing breakage. Of course, with such equipment, a higher cost is assumed, along which electric hoists are sold. The price can reach 50-60 thousand for a model in a wide range. In comparison, standard analogues, lacking high performance and additional options, are available for 10-15 thousand. In addition, the hoists can be equipped with a limit switch for automatic cable fixation and an emergency button for an unplanned lift stop - in case of preventing cargo disruption and other dangerous situations.