Water purification system in a private house: features, characteristics, types and reviews

Human health depends on what kind of water it uses. Particular attention to its cleaning should be given in a private house, where consumption is often made from wells and wells. Water, consumed from the central water pipe, also sometimes needs to be filtered. For this, a water purification system is used in a private house.

How to make water cleaner

Before talking about improving the quality of water, we need to understand its composition, for which a laboratory analysis is performed. Most often it contains an excessive amount of hardness salts. In addition, heavy metals may be present in the water. Softeners help both.

Natural water is contaminated with sand, silt, bacteria, toxic substances. After determining its composition, further it is necessary to establish several stages of filtration with the target direction. Only then the system of water purification from the well for a private house will be effective. The same applies to water from wells and central water pipes.

Types of filters for the water treatment system

• Mechanical cleaning of silt, sand and other particles;
• Mitigation;
• Removal of nitrates, heavy metals and petroleum products;
• disinfection.

For each stage of cleaning it is important to choose the right performance.

Stages of water treatment

The system of water purification from the well for a private house contains a maximum of 5 steps:

• Mechanical;
• Electrochemical;
• Clarification through catalysts;
• Adsorption;
• Biological.

Mechanical cleaning

Cartridges contain a grid with small cells. The filter element may be porous polypropylene. Separate pollution: sand, rust, sludge, etc. The throughput of mechanical filters is restored by reverse periodic washing. With active use, the cartridge can serve for about a year, after which it must be replaced. The mechanical cleaning stage is used in all systems.

Adsorption

Cartridges contain highly porous fillers: activated carbon, silica gel, aluminosilicate, zeolites. They trap and retain harmful microorganisms in the micropores. Water becomes transparent and gets rid of unpleasant odors. Adsorption filters are quickly clogged and require frequent replacement. With long-term use of pollution begin to move into water.

You can use cartridges with granular loading that can be washed a little longer. But here only mechanical particles are removed. Adsorbed impurities are retained in the pores by forces, sometimes exceeding gravitational ones.

Removal of iron

Iron is oxidized with a special backfill, after which it forms a sediment and is removed by mechanical cleaning.

Softening

Water is softened by filters containing an ion-exchange resin. In it, calcium and magnesium are replaced by soluble sodium. The resource of the cartridge is directly dependent on the hardness of the water. Usually it is less than other methods of cleaning and is 200-800 liters.

Filters are regenerated in a solution of table salt. Over time, the resin loses its useful properties and begins to enrich the water with impurities. Visually, this can be seen from the output of darkened water.

Membrane filters

Methods of forcing water through membranes are classified by pore size:

• Microfiltration - 0,05-10 microns (fine cleaning from suspensions);
• Ultrafiltration - 0,001-0,05 m (removal of microscopic particles and microorganisms);
• Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis - 0.001 μm or less (delay of metal salts, organic and microbiological contamination).

Aeration

Aeration columns remove hydrogen sulphide, iron, manganese from water and prevent the reproduction of microbes. Here you need a compressor to supply compressed air. The advantage of the system is the lack of replaceable cartridges.

Columns with a compressor will cost more, but in the long term they are more profitable.

Aeration is particularly effective as a stage of a sewage treatment system for a private house.

Filters for water treatment in a private house: how to choose

Purification of water can be carried out with and without reagents. For the former, substances that oxidize contaminants such as dissolved iron are needed. The price they have is small, but operation requires the cost of replacement filters in order to maintain the efficiency at a given level. The method is suitable for the preparation of industrial water, but not drinking water.

More modern is a non-reagent water treatment system in a private home. Customer feedback notes that it costs more when buying, but with its help you can clean water to the drinking level.

Filters for water in a private house. Cleaning system

Filtering is performed in several stages in stages.

At the entry of water into the house, it is first mechanically cleaned of large particles. The next stage of finishing cleaning is to remove salts and small impurities to use water for drinking. Several methods are used here.

1. Filters-pitchers. The main filtering agent is activated carbon. The device can be purchased by everyone, thanks to the low cost. The speed and volume of filtration are small, but it suits many for domestic needs. Despite the ease of use, the jug filters have a sufficiently high cleaning efficiency. Most often you can find the filter-jugs of the companies "Aquaphor" and "Barrier", the price of which is in the range of 250-700 rubles.
2. Dispenser - household water purifier. It is more used for organizations and public places. It is equipped with multi-stage filters, can be connected to a water pipe, contains heating devices. Large amounts of storage and additional functions raise the price of the dispenser to 5 thousand rubles.
3. A multi-stage water purification system in a private house and apartment, installed under the sink, is a series of replaceable cartridges connected in series to the water pipe. For clean drinking water, a separate tap is often installed. The throughput is about 3 l / min, the resource is within 4000-15000 l. The most effective is a five-stage water purification system in a private house, the price of which varies widely. The most expensive devices, where the reverse osmosis method is applied. The plants are controlled by controllers that monitor system parameters, water quality, and also give a signal about the development of cartridge life of the resource.

Choosing a water purification method

The water purification system in a private house in most cases removes iron and salt stiffness. Therefore, the filtration system must be mixed.

Sequential installation of filters allows to remove various impurities. Before choosing a particular system, it is necessary to pay attention to the following.

1. The performance of the filters must satisfy the needs in water. At low throughput, the quality of the filtering decreases. This is important for mechanical cleaning, where the flow should not be very intense. Only in this case the contamination will remain in the filter. Too powerful filter is also not needed, because it is oversized and expensive.
2. Methods of cleaning are selected according to the chemical composition of the water. If there is excess iron in it, a device is used to remove it, and water softening produces a system that reduces the concentration of hardness salts.
3. Filtration is carried out in stages, with the consequent removal of certain types of pollution.
4. Filter flasks should be selected so that any cartridges come up to them and there were no problems with their replacement.

Reviews

The best water purification is reverse osmosis. The system must be with the mineralizer, since the distillate is obtained at the outlet. If consumption is seasonal, the system is not suitable. It is important here that it be permanent. When cleaning by reverse osmosis, up to 50% of the water goes into waste.

For technical needs, softening exchange filters are effective. Especially they are important for heating appliances, which fail when hardening salts hardness. For washing machines it is recommended to use separate small softening filters.

At high soiling, mechanical filtration is best performed on reusable filters with metal grids. Polypropylene cartridges will have to be changed frequently, which makes water purification more expensive.

Some users believe that there are no superfluous filters. For example, if a deferrizer is installed, and the iron concentration is within the limits of the norm, the device will serve for a very long time.

To ensure that the cleaning system is compact, it is recommended to install under the sink complex filter cartridges that remove several types of contaminants.

If the water from a natural source does not rock for a long time, it is recommended that it be discarded first, until the turbidity disappears, and then passed through the filters. So they will last longer.

Manufacturers

A well-known company producing filters is the large company "Ekvols". Experts of the company do not recommend to choose the cleaning devices independently, and also to mount them by oneself. A complex of measures is required to ensure the receipt of high-quality water with a professional approach. Selection of a water treatment station from a well for a private house is done by special services, which also produce installation and maintenance.

The well-known companies that produce reliable equipment are Geyser, Barrier, Aquaphor, EcoDar. Who does not want to communicate with complex systems of water treatment, acquires filter-jugs of the firms "Geyser" and "Aquaphor". They also produce integrated cleaning systems. The water purification system in the private house "Aquafor" is reliable and durable.

When installing filtration systems, experts suggest following the advice.

1. First of all, you need to do a water analysis in the laboratory, and then turn to professionals to choose a suitable system for the indicators obtained. If the wells are shallow, the analysis of water is recommended to be carried out periodically.
2. Small filters can be installed by themselves, but it is better to entrust the installation of complex systems to specialists.
3. In any filtration method, one can not neglect the stage of coarse cleaning, due to which it is possible to purify water more economically.
4. When choosing the products of those or other manufacturers, you should first read the reviews.

Conclusion

The water purification system in the private house will be effective if it is correct to determine the types and performance of replaceable filter cartridges. They are selected with the most common size, at affordable prices and with the possibility of easy installation.