What Soviet homes are named after the Soviet leader Stalin, and which are called Khrushchevs

In the realtor vocabulary, in addition to "dvushek", "treshke" or "odnushek", the word "deposit" and other specific terms, there are special concepts that mean a group of projects that dominated in this or that era. Said "kopeck-hruschevka-third", and immediately there is an apartment with a small hallway, a five- or six-meter kitchen, a living room and a small bedroom located on the third level of a five-story building.

Under Stalin's personal control

Before the mass migration of suffering people from the cellars, barracks and crowded communes, there was another era that continued from the mid-forties to the end of the fifties. It can not be said that the Soviet houses constructed at that time are named after the Soviet leader. His formidable metal name was carried by tanks, locomotives and other examples of powerful equipment, but the aircraft designated the first letters of the name of the general aircraft designer. It was impossible even to admit the very thought that Stalin fell, and even his nose down ... Naturally, houses built from 1945 to 1960, began to be called stalinkas after his death, the mention of "in vain" the name of "the father of nations" could threaten Some complications and a radical change in the future biography. In general, they managed with a modest project number.

Soviet homes are named after the Soviet leader, not only because they were built during his years of life. The spirit of the era and the aesthetic preferences of Joseph Vissarionovich himself, which did not lazy all the samples intended for mass production (and much more) to examine personally, including cars, radios, movies and, of course, housing projects, manifested itself in appearance and interior.

The Stalin Empire

Postwar life in the USSR was characterized by a demonstrative stratification of people into classes and ranks. Officials of various ministries wore uniforms with signs of differences and departmental emblems, just like in tsarist Russia. And different ranks relied on different living space, at least, at large. For the very-most, including academicians, cultural figures and members of the government, special buildings were built, high-rise buildings, and only in the capitals of the union republics. There were all: huge kitchens and high ceilings, and bathrooms (with an area of usual habitation), and bay windows (not everyone knows that this is a protruding part of the wall, glazed on three sides). This splendor looked impressive from the outside. Curls, hammer sickles, stars, sheaves of wheat and other ideologically held symbols of creative work unobtrusively emphasized that such beautiful and comfortable can only be Soviet homes. Named in honor of the Soviet leader were not some individual buildings and structures, but whole districts and cities. But elite housing at all could not be enough, so the expression "house type - Stalin" is not a complete characteristic of the property. In each case, additional explanations are required.

Stalinki, good and different

Despite the fact that most of the Soviet citizens huddled in extremely uncomfortable communes and barracks, in which one lavatory was sometimes a double-digit number of rooms, the need for good housing was still there, and not a little.

All housing projects developed in the post-war Stalin years had several common features. They were erected from a brick, supplied with separate bathrooms and balconies, an indispensable part of their interior was built-in wardrobes. Ceiling height - at least three meters.

The simplest stalines (project 1-255) were of low storeys (2-3 levels), a small total area and a small (6-9 sq. M.) Kitchen. To their erection often captured German soldiers, which, combined with the use of improvised materials taken from the post-war ruins, caused a low quality of construction work.

For the party-Soviet nomenklatura until 1961, houses were built for improved projects series 1-414 and 1-433, with an eight-meter kitchen, a spacious hallway, large and square rooms. The number of floors, and consequently the requirements to the foundation, has increased. Most of the floors were covered with wooden in all types of steel, except for the most elite.

Khrushchev: still need more

The technological backwardness of the USSR was manifested in many aspects, including in construction. Most of the houses were built in the Khrushchev era. The pace of their construction left much to be desired, like quality.

The Soviet leadership in the mid-fifties realized the hopelessness of the approach adopted at that time to the problem of mass development. New technologies were required, and they were borrowed abroad. Prefabricated housing for workers, cheap and relatively convenient, seen by N. Khrushchev in the Parisian suburbs, seemed to him an exit from a difficult situation. Architects urgently developed projects on which they began to build standard houses. Khrushchev - so they began to be called almost immediately after the first housewarming, without investing in the new term no malice. After the cramped cellars and barracks, the apartments, though small, but their own, seemed modern palaces, bright and cozy. So the strategic choice was made between comfortable housing for the elite and modest, but for many, although not all the same.

Despite the huge funds that the Soviet government invested in construction, it was not possible to solve the housing problem so completely. In the seventies new projects of apartments began to be called impersonal: "moscow", "Czech", "Kharkovka", "sixteen-storey". It is understood that all these Soviet houses are named in honor of the Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev, but there are too many types for the concept of "Brezhnevka" to have a concrete meaning. Sometimes this term realtors still apply, as a rule, to catch up with the fog.