Vegetation of plants. Vegetation of apple-tree. Vegetative period of plants

During the year, all plants, both fruit and berry, go through two periods: vegetation and rest. Some botanists are inclined to allocate also short-term phases. This is the transition from rest to vegetation in the spring and, conversely, in the autumn period. At this time, trees and shrubs should be prepared for the upcoming changes: in the spring - to the period of fruiting, and in the autumn - for winter rest. Vegetation of plants occupies the entire warm period. It begins in the spring with a swelling of the kidneys and ends in the fall with a massive leaf fall.

Factors affecting this state

The main conditions that determine the duration of the vegetative period are the duration of the light day and the air temperature. Of course, these two factors directly depend on the geographic location of the region. The periodicity of the onset of the light period and the number of warm days are important. It can be said that the vegetation of plants depends also on the variety, breed, agrotechnics and, of course, on the natural conditions. Each species, whether an apple, pear or currant, has its own individual phenophases, which will occur at different times.

Depending on the duration of the lighting, the rate of increase or, conversely, the temperature drop, the passage of this period may change over time. As an example, the following facts can be cited: if the humidity of the earth and air is reduced, the active period will decrease.

What changes are observed during the growing season?

Vegetation of plants, or rather, of fruit and berry trees and shrubs, occurs not simultaneously. The budding is observed in some species before, and in others - a little later. How does this happen? In the beginning, the kidney swells. After this, the scales from internal pressure burst, and a green shoot, its apical part becomes visible. Gradually formed denticles, and then the leaf itself. So there is an escape. In the second period of vegetation in the axils of the leaves, buds are formed. During the entire active period young shoots accumulate a reserve of minerals that will help them to survive the rest phase. These components will allow the shoots to continue their growth in the next year. Then the formation of flower buds will begin.

Kidney budding and flowering period

The vegetative period in shrubs and trees occurs approximately equally. In the axils of the leaves of young shoots, which have already survived their first winter, fruit buds are laid. They can be both apical and lateral. This process ends after the organs of the future flower are formed inside: pistils and stamens.

In trees and shrubs early-flowering varieties of buds are formed earlier. For example, in stone stones this takes 2.5-3 months. But with a blossoming apple tree later, the budding is going on from 3 to 3.5 months. But nevertheless on each young shoot the process of formation of a flower bud will come to the end finally only in the spring of the next year. Just then, and not before, it will swell. After a short time the flower will open. But on the same branch buds are not blossomed simultaneously. That is why the flowering period can last several days. This greatly increases the chances of pollination.

Agrotechnical activities

The vegetation of plants begins in the middle of spring. All agrotechnical measures are connected with it. At this time, the cultural fruit and berry plants need additional care.

After winter, with the departure of the snow cover, all trees and shrubs live mainly due to the plastic material deposited in the root system and the ground part. It accumulated the whole previous year. Many mistakenly believe that in the early spring, plants feed on mineral substances in the soil. If the tree lacks nutrients, then it is not able to begin the formation of flower buds. Therefore, the crop in the next year can not wait. To avoid this, it is necessary to apply fertilizers to the soil not only in the spring, but also in the autumn period. This is very important for good fruiting.

Fertilizing plants during the growing season

The vegetative period in the spring begins for gardeners with measures to introduce fertilizers into the soil. This contributes to the appearance of growth, which will help to get a good harvest. Also, this can not but affect the process of laying fruit buds. The more they are, the more abundant the harvest can be expected next year. But in the period of cessation of growth, the introduction of nitrogenous components into the soil will have a negative effect.

Almost the entire spring period and the beginning of summer, all fruit and berry bushes and trees live not only due to their plastic materials, but also absorb all nutrients from the soil. Therefore, the main thing is that at the time when the kidneys are laid, the plant received as much mineral and organic substances as possible. In soil it is necessary to regularly make fertilizers. In addition, you need to monitor the thermal and water-air regime.

The rest period

The vegetative period of plants ends in autumn after the fall of foliage. But some activity of bushes and trees can manifest after, for example during thaws. In such periods it is very important that the plant has enough nutrients. Where do they have trees and shrubs in the deep winter? They save them throughout the period under review. As a rule, by the end of the cold winter, this stock is almost completely exhausted.

In addition, plants lose moisture through the surface of the cover tissues of branches and trunk. Everything is aggravated if the winter is windy. With strong gusts of wind, the loss of moisture can be critical. The process under consideration for trees in spring may not begin. The plant freezes. Not only the branch, but the whole tree or shrub can perish. To avoid this, it is necessary to water the fruit-berry plants in moderation in the autumn, especially in droughty years. These measures can mitigate the harmful effects of wind.

Influence of irrigation on the growth of trees and shrubs

In some years, when a very hot summer is issued, the growth of trees is delayed. They do not have enough moisture. If in the second half of the summer there will suddenly begin heavy rains, then for the plant this is also not very good. Due to the abundance of moisture trees and shrubs give a strong outbreak of growth, and it is tightened. If the branches continue to grow, they will be poorly prepared for the winter period. We have already said what vegetation means. It includes the accumulation of nutrients, while the shoots should ripen. If this does not happen, the plant may die. Therefore, the goal of gardeners in autumn is to prevent the secondary growth of shoots.

How to stop the growth of plants?

The period of vegetation in plants is characterized by active growth. It begins in the spring and lasts throughout the warm period until the first frost. Can I pause it? In the autumn time, it's possible. For this, it is necessary to dry the soil around the plants. To achieve this, you need to stop around the trees and shrubs to loosen the soil. For some time here do not touch the rampant weeds. It is they who by their root system extract moisture from the earth, evaporating it with the surface of leaves. Thus, they reduce the danger of winter freezing of trees. It is even more expedient not to leave the weeds, but to plant around the trees and under them the cultural herbs and flowers.

Apple vegetation

The beginning of apple vegetation is observed about 20 days after the average daily temperature is set above +5 degrees. But, of course, it should be taken into account that spring can be different: fast or long. Therefore, experienced gardeners establish the beginning of this period as follows. They consider the amount of heat for the fine days. Vegetation of apple trees will begin as soon as this figure exceeds 200 degrees. If you know the exact date, when the temperature (daytime, naturally) has become more than +5, then it is quite easy to calculate the desired date by folding. What for it is necessary? Because during this period there is active activity of cambium, which means that this is the best time for vaccination.

Vegetation of currant

Among all the fruit and berry plants, one of the first to start growing the currant. Kidney bud swelling on its shoots is noticeable in the first decade of April. In the southern regions, it occurs a little earlier than in the northern regions. From the onset of swelling of the kidneys to the opening of the buds is only 10 days. At the same time there are no leaves on the bush. Flowering lasts no more than a week.