What is the role of the military-industrial complex in the Russian economy? Military-industrial complex in the Russian economy

The military industry traditionally has great importance for the entire Russian economy, serving as a kind of catalyst for development for entire regions. The production of weapons and special means for the state power structures has always been given special significance. Modern Russian economists also believe that in the political life of the country the defense complex occupies an important place, providing a significant influence to those who control the distribution of financial flows sent to the needs of the army.

What is the role of the military-industrial complex in the Russian economy?

The geography of the distribution of enterprises of the defense complex is extremely wide - from Kaliningrad in the west of the country to the ports in the Pacific Ocean. For such a vast geography there are several obvious reasons. Understanding the role of the military-industrial complex in the Russian economy, the answer (by geography) can be formulated as follows.

First, many enterprises historically gravitate to deposits of certain fossils. This, for example, is relevant for tank building. Also important is access to cheap electricity in a large amount.

Secondly, and this is important for research enterprises, the proximity of large educational centers is necessary. Therefore, for example, an important place is occupied by such cities as Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Nizhny Novgorod and Yekaterinburg.

Thirdly, many enterprises were evacuated from the western regions of the country during the Second World War. So, in the Urals ferrous metallurgy was supplemented with tank building: the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant was established in Chelyabinsk, and Uralvagonzavod was established in Nizhny Tagil of the Sverdlovsk region, which occupies the forefront in deliveries to the world arms market. Many enterprises of military-industrial complex in small towns are city-forming.

Export of weapons as a source of foreign exchange earnings

To understand the role of the military-industrial complex in the Russian economy, one can familiarize with the results of foreign economic activity. Experts register the growth of arms exports and the growing amount of contracts, which reach $ 7 billion.

It should be noted that most of the sales markets Russia inherited from the USSR. This is due to the fact that the operators are accustomed to using a certain technique, have the capacity for its licensing modernization and repair. In addition, Russian technology is often much cheaper than its counterparts.

Every year, with each new exhibition of military equipment, Russia's defense complex continues to go beyond purely national interests. It should be noted that every foreign order placed at the country's military-industrial complex allows not only to earn, but also to modernize the production line accordingly, to establish cooperation between different enterprises and to gain invaluable experience in international cooperation.

Geography of deliveries

The export of weapons from Russia is carried out in 65 countries. At the same time, they buy completely different products: airplanes, small arms, anti-missile anti-aircraft complexes and helicopters, tanks and armored personnel carriers.

Buy as a whole system of weapons, and individual parts.

Structure of the Russian MIC

In order to understand the role of the military-industrial complex in the Russian economy, it is worth familiarizing with its structure.

The traditional division of the military-industrial complex implies several links, including all stages - from development and design to final tests and delivery to the customer. Customers can be different Russian state structures, as well as foreign buyers.

After the contracting authority is defined with a technical task, research and development companies start their work, each of which specializes in its field.

Perhaps the most famous design bureaus in Russia are the organizations that existed since the times of the USSR. For example, RSC Energia, based in the Queen, is engaged in the development of missile technology, while controlling all stages - from the first drawing to the installation of a launch vehicle on the launch pad. This approach ensures almost perfect quality of the produced equipment.

In total, 15 design bureaus are engaged in the development of space technology, which has a military or dual purpose.

High-tech shipbuilding is engaged in large scientific centers in St. Petersburg - the design bureaus Almaz, Malakhit, and Rubin specialize in the design and design of surface ships and submarines. In the same Petersburg, at the historic enterprise "Admiralteyskie Verfi", the drawings created by the designers are being realized in metal. So the nuclear shield of the country is forged, because many of the ships created here will carry missile weapons with a nuclear charge.

Siberian plants guarding the sky

An understanding of the role of the military-industrial complex in the Russian economy will not be complete without the notation of the connection between the development of the military-industrial complex and the growth of the civil economy. And it's not so much the conversion of production that occurred after the collapse of the Soviet Union, but rather the use of the civilian market to finance expensive defense developments.

A good illustration of this cooperation is the aviation industry, in which both civilian and military aircraft use similar materials and even equipment.

The leading enterprise, whose specialization includes the development and testing of aircraft engines, is the Omsk Engine Building Design Bureau, which builds engines not only for military aircraft of various uses, but for civil aircraft.

Thus, it becomes clear what is the role of the military-industrial complex in the Russian economy, because half of all arms exports fall to aviation, which is more than four billion dollars.

What is the role of the military-industrial complex in the Russian economy? Short answer

While research and design bureaus located in large cities tend to already existing centers with all the conditions necessary for research, industrial centers tend to create new centers of attraction.

The newly created enterprises in the USSR attracted talented engineers from all over the country. New cities grew up around production. Unfortunately, today many of these cities do not have other industries, and this significantly complicates their development. However, it should be recognized that for many thousands of defense industry employees, government spending on arms purchases has become the only source of income.

Thus, speaking about the role of the military-industrial complex in the Russian economy (briefly), we can name the following areas:

• Stimulation of innovations in the civil sector of the economy;
• Stimulation of demand and development of economy of small monocities due to infusion of funds through state order;
• Increase the political weight of Russia in the international arena by promoting military equipment and establishing business ties.