Varieties and types of beans. Photo and description

Such a culture, well known to Russian farmers, as beans, is among the ten most consumed products in the world. This unpretentious and yielding crop can be grown practically in any climate and on soils of any composition. Varieties and forms of it there is a huge amount. Below in the article and consider what kinds of beans there are (with a photo). Perhaps this will help someone from the summer residents determine the choice of a specific variety of this wonderful culture.

Main classification

To date, biologists know more than 250 species of beans, annual and perennial. They are classified, first of all, into two large groups:

• Phaseolus L (American).
• Vigna Savi (Asian).

The second variety of beans is distinguished by very long pods and small seeds. Cultivate this culture mainly only in Asia. In Europe, Russia, South and North America, the most common bean is Phaseolus L. Its main distinctive feature is short pods and rather large beans with a characteristic "beak".

Species in the form of a bush

Currently, beans can be grown in the world:

• Weaving;
• Curly;
• Cluster.

All these kinds of beans are rather popular among domestic summer residents. The main stem of the weaving varieties can reach a length of five meters. The winding beans are a bit shorter. Her lashes grow for a season not more than 2 m. Bush varieties are quite compact plants. Their height usually does not exceed 30-60 cm. This species, in turn, may be strongly or slightly bushy.

Species by use

In the kitchen gardens of Russian cottagers, one can usually see the usual shelling beans. It is grown exclusively on beans. However, recently in our country, more and more popular are varieties of this crop, cultivated to produce green juicy shoulder blades. There are the following types of beans of this group:

• Asparagus (stringed) sugar;
• Semi-sugary.

The pods of the first variety of beans on the inside completely lack a firming dense parchment layer. That is, they do not have a rigid fibrous tissue, the presence of which is characteristic for all sorts of softwood varieties. Such blades can be fried, stewed or cooked. They also eat them in raw form or in summer salads.

A light aftertaste of asparagus is what distinguishes a string bean. Its species, as well as the lumbering one, are diverse (curly, bushy, and climbing). But all of them due to this unusual taste are called asparagus.

Semi-sugar beans are very similar to the pods. At the very beginning of growth, its blades are also completely devoid of a rigid fibrous parchment layer, and therefore can be eaten. The difference between this variety and sugar is only that the maturation of the parchment layer in its scapula nevertheless appears. Therefore, it is impossible to delay such harvesting with harvesting. Stuck pods of semi-sugar varieties can, however, simply be left on the lashes until mature beans are obtained.

Decorative shape

Different kinds of beans asparagus and crusty give very tasty paddles and beans. However, in the kitchen gardens of Russian gardeners, one more very interesting form of this culture is often cultivated: ornamental. Used krasivotsvetuschie varieties of beans more often for the design of various kinds of vertical surfaces in yards and gardens. Plant decorative varieties adopted near hedges, arbors, terraces, near fountains, etc. There are two main types of this bean:

• Multiflorous;
• Garden.

All varieties of decorative beans have one very interesting feature: the shade of the buds of this plant always coincides with the color of its fruits.

Species by type of beans

Bean seeds can have a variety of shapes, sizes and colors. The number of beans in a single pod can also be different - from three to seven. In the temperate latitudes of Europe and Russia, unpretentious varieties with white seeds are most often grown. Farmers in South America and Asia prefer to cultivate dark beans.

By the size of beans, this culture can be classified into three main groups:

• Small-seed (1 thousand beans weighs not more than 200 g);
• Medium-weighted (200-400 g);
• Large-seed (more than 400 g).

Different kinds of beans can have white, black or red beans. There are also varieties with variegated seeds. The amount and the ratio of substances useful for the organism in beans of different colors may differ.

White beans

Beans of this color are characterized primarily by the fact that they contain not too many proteins (per 100 g - 7 g). Therefore, such beans should definitely try to grow people who are overweight. It is useful to eat white beans and elderly citizens.

Among other things, the seeds of this bean contain a lot of iron. Therefore, their use in food contributes to the strengthening of the cardiovascular system and overall health of the body. Cooking beans of this color is best combined with vegetables that contain a large amount of vitamin C.

Types of white beans, like any other, are different. If desired, you can purchase seeds of bushy, curly or tufting forms.

The best varieties with white beans

Virtually all varieties of beans are grown on the same technology. The yield of this vegetable garden depends, to a large extent, only on the selected variety and the amount of time given to plants during the warm season. White beans are very popular among summer residents. Accordingly, a lot of varieties have been produced. The most popular are:

1. "Black eye". The fruits of this bean are very small. The variety is called so because its white seeds always have a small black dot. The skin of these beans is very thin, and therefore they are prepared quickly and do not even require soaking.
2. "Chali". This variety gives a fairly large seeds, used mainly only for the preparation of second courses. Consistency of beans "chali" is very dense. And so you can safely cook them first, and then fry them.
3. "The Nevi." This pea bean is prized for the fact that it contains a large amount of iron and fiber and has a very beneficial effect on the human body.

Red beans

The types and varieties of this culture must also be considered. Beans of this color from domestic housewives enjoy no less popularity than whites. Red beans contain quite a large number of proteins - 8 g per 100 g.

The main advantage of beans of this color is that they contain just a huge amount of antioxidants. By this indicator, red beans outstrip even the currant. Actually, antioxidants are called special substances that protect the human body from harmful radionuclides and slow the aging process. It is due to their presence and is considered one of the most useful crops of all grown by summer residents, the red bean. There are different kinds of it. This color can have both ordinary and Asian beans. There are shrub and weaving varieties with red seeds. Can have this color and seeds of the decorative form of beans.

The best varieties with red beans

A variety of beans with such seeds on the suburban plots of Russian summer residents can also be seen quite often. The best red cucumber varieties in our country are:

1. "Skorospelka." The beans of this bean ripen after 55-60 days after planting. Their main distinctive features are: long beautiful and neat shape, nice pink-red color.
2. "Tomato". This sort of red bean is great for canning and cooking traditional Georgian dishes. Its fruits are brown, oblong and slightly flattened.
3. "Tashkent". This fairly thermophilic variety is grown mainly in the southern regions of Russia. However, when using the seedling method, it is possible to obtain good yields in the middle zone of the country. The beans in this variety are quite large.

Black beans

This species is also grown by domestic cottagers, but much less often white and red. However, this does not mean that black beans are less useful. The protein in it, for example, contains more than in white and red (9 g). And therefore, if necessary, it can become an excellent substitute for meat. Moreover, the proteins of black beans are similar in their characteristics to the animal protein.

The advantages of seeds of this color, among other things, can be attributed to the fact that their use in food contributes to the normalization of the chemical balance in the stomach.

The best varieties of black beans

Since this variety is grown by Russian truck farmers, it is not too easy, and there are not so many varieties of it. The best available are:

1. "Kidney". The beans of this bean have a kidney-shaped shape and a black (slightly reddish) color. After cooking, the seed peel of this variety becomes very thin. At the same time, the color of the beans also changes. The boiled seeds acquire a gentle pink shade.
2. "Preto". Seeds of this variety have a rich black color and a white hem. Inside the beans are cream. The main distinguishing feature of this bean is a light berry flavor. The taste of beans "preto" is also original - sweetish with bitterness. Cook this bean should be a long, at least 90 minutes, with a pre-soaking.

Different kinds of black beans, as well as white or red, can be curly, weaving, bushy. Use such beans in food usually in the form of side dishes. But very often they are also added to the hot first courses. The taste of soups and borscht black beans can make much more pleasant and rich.

What are the varieties and types of beans asparagus

This form, as already mentioned, is not yet very popular with domestic dacha owners. However, asparagus beans in the gardens of Russians recently can be seen more and more often. Varieties of this variety also exists a lot. Ogorodnikam of the middle zone of Russia, most likely, will approach:

1. "The oil king." The pods of this early high-yielding variety have a honey-yellow color and are completely devoid of fibers. The taste, judging by the reviews of summer residents, they are simply magnificent.
2. "Saks". This early-ripening shrub variety also enjoys great popularity among truck farmers. The pods are green, slightly curved. The height of the bean stalk of the "sax" does not exceed 40 cm.

The varieties considered above are of the bush type. But there are also very popular types of asparagus curly. These include:

1. "Golden nectar." The blades of this early variety ripen on the 70th day after planting. The color they have is yellow. The length of one pod can reach 25 cm. The mass of the string of this bean is quite large. Therefore, they are recommended to prop up something.
2. The Purple Queen. This is an unusually interesting variety, the pods of which have a rich purple color. The main advantage of the "purple queen" is the high yield, as well as the excellent palatability of the blades.
3. "Winner". This bean during the flowering period is sometimes even confused with decorative. The pods of the "winner" type are flat and very long (up to 30 cm). Since this string bean is whimsical, it is only experienced farmers who grow it.

It is cultivated asparagus (string) beans, species and varieties of which are quite diverse, approximately according to the same technology as the usual shelling. The only thing, at the stage of growth of the scapula, it needs more careful watering.

Species of Asian beans

It is similar in its biological characteristics to conventional beans grown in America, Europe and Russia. The only difference is that its pods are longer and juicier. The most popular are such kinds of Asian beans as:

1. "Mash". This variety is traditionally cultivated in Pakistan and India. Its distinctive feature is that its beans are very similar to green peas.
2. "Azuki." The homeland of this harvested bean is the Himalayas. They grow Adzuki throughout Southeast Asia and Japan. The beans of this variety are distinguished by a beautiful dark red shade.
3. "Urd." The beans of this bean are somewhat similar to the seeds of "mash", but they are black. The species is very ancient. They grew it 4000 years ago. Currently, this bean is cultivated in India, China, Japan and many other countries in the Asian region.
4. "Snake-like peas". This is a very popular variety in Asia, giving very long pods.

The best varieties of Asian beans

Of course, vigno as a very popular species of breeders with their attention also did not pass. The best varieties of this bean are:

1. "Macaretti." This variety is very powerful lashes. Its length in some cases reaches 35 cm. Maturing "Macaretti" blades approximately 63-65 days after planting.
2. "Liana". This green bean forms shoots up to 3 m long, and therefore needs support. Its blades are allowed to eat both raw and thermally processed.

In addition to these two varieties, Chinese green beans "siji con 28/2 kontou" and "groik" are quite popular. These two hybrids give shoots no longer than 1.5 m, and therefore do not need support. Also, gardening and bushy varieties of Asian bean "gasson" and "u-cha-kontou" also proved to be very good. The height of these hybrids does not exceed 0.7-0.8 m, and the pods have a parchment layer. Therefore, they are grown exclusively for beans.