Valve motors: the principle of operation. Electric motor with own hands

Valve motors in many respects are similar to electromagnetic analogs. However, it should be noted that the devices are capable of operating in AC and DC networks. For today distinguish single-phase, two-phase and three-phase modifications.

The average power of the model is 5 kW. The operating frequency of the engine does not exceed 60 Hz. Some modifications use a rotor position sensor. The valve motors are most often used for compressors and ventilation systems.

Device Diagram

A conventional engine includes a stator box with an anchor, as well as a rotor. Collector in low-power modifications is installed brush type. If we consider single-phase valve motors, then they have a pole piece. Behind him is a special rotation shaft. Powerful models have a rotor core. Bandyx is used to excite the chain. The shaft of the motors of the fan motor rotates with a special disk.

Principle of operation

The principle of the engine is based on magnetic induction. The process consists in exciting the stator winding. This happens by applying voltage to the bendix. Many modifications also use the rotor position sensor. The terminal boxes are used to connect the regulators. Clamping rings are used to fix the shaft. Heavy duty engines have a retractor relay. It is necessary to strengthen the electromagnetic field.

The model with own hands

It is quite difficult to make an electric motor (valve) by oneself. First of all, a magnetic stator is required for the assembly. In some cases, the rotor is used with a steel armature. Next, you need to prepare a shaft with a head. By diameter, it should fit under the ring. The stator in this case must be with a primary winding, which can withstand a voltage of 220 V.

To connect a valve-type motor, a conductor is required. It is obliged to connect to the terminal box. For some modifications, the shaft is attached to the disk. Thus, the process of speed dialing is fast. To avoid short circuits in the circuit, a sealant is used.

Reactive modification

It is possible to make a valve jet motor with one's own hands only on the basis of a brush collector. First of all, you need to choose a rotor with a winding. Further under it the shaft is established. In some cases it is used with a volumetric nozzle. To reduce the frictional force, you need a small ring on the roller bearings.

Further on the ventilated reactive electric motor the bandix is installed. In this case, the disc is fixed on the key. The terminal box must be located at the rear of the engine. The shaft must be located in the central part of the housing. Vent holes are most often made above the rotor.

Direct current devices

The DC direct-current motor can be folded on the base of the brush collector, which is capable of withstanding a large output voltage. After fixing the stator, it is necessary to engage the rotor. For this purpose, a shaft and a small diameter disk are selected. A powerful retractor relay is also required. Some use it with a high-voltage winding. At this stage, special attention should be paid to fixing the core to drive the winding. Used submersible DC electric motors, usually in aircraft construction. Some models have a complex air cooling scheme with channels.

AC Models

To make a model of this type is quite simple. However, the assembly requires a bendix. In this case, it must immediately be selected with a steel core. Some experts recommend the use of aluminum tips. However, the conductivity of the current is low. Direct voltage supply is via the terminal box.

In many modifications, the brush collector is installed in the front of the housing. Thus, the shaft can be used with a small diameter. The contact rings are attached if a high power motor is being made. In order to reduce the frictional force, bearings can be used. Install them next to the collector.

Single-phase motors

A single-phase valve motor is suitable for small power drives . The principle of operation of devices is based on increasing the inductance of the magnetic field. For this, a brushless collector is used. Bendixs in devices are absent. It is also important to note that stators can only be used with high conductivity. However, first of all, a high-quality rotor is required for assembly. Install it next to the shaft.

The next step is to weld the ring. The disk must be located on the other side of the shaft. A fan is suitable for cooling the valve-type motor. In some modifications, retractors are used to amplify induction.

Two-phase models

Two-phase valve motors can be assembled by yourself. For this purpose, experts recommend using powerful bandixes. In some cases, stators with primary winding are used. To fix the rotor, you need a solid case. In this case, the tips should be used with good conductivity.

In order to increase the electromagnetic field evenly, coils of different sensitivities are used. Retractor relays are mounted behind the stators. The shaft in the construction must be on the disk. Keys are used to fix it.

Three-phase devices

A three-phase valve electric motor is a device operating according to the principle of increasing the induction of a magnetic field. In models, the bendixs are installed only with high sensitivity. In this case pole poles are used to amplify the electromagnetic field. Directly, stators are used with paws. Some modifications have brush holders. It is also important to note that three-phase valve motors are often used to operate drives at 20 kW. The frequency in this case does not exceed 60 Hz. The shaft of the models must rotate freely. To do this, manufacturers equip the devices with roller bearings. Many models have special conductors that connect to the terminal box. Direct power supply is via the power cable.

Model with low-frequency bandix

Low-frequency bendiksy allow stably increase the inductance in the circuit. Many models of this type differ in their sensitivity. In order to assemble the device yourself, it is necessary to choose a good stator. Modifications with anchors will not work.

It is also important to note that low-frequency bendicks are not able to work with retracting relays. All this leads to a rapid overheating of the engine. In order to correct the situation, you need a powerful fan. You should also provide a small coil. Due to this, the winding can withstand a voltage of 220 V. To avoid short-circuits, a brush holder is used.

Application of high-frequency bendicks

It's quite easy to make an engine with a high-frequency bandix. This requires a simple stator. Directly, the rotor is selected with a primary winding. To increase the speed of the shaft, special grinding wheels are used. Many configurations use retracting relays. It is also important to note that a high-quality brush holder is required to assemble an engine of this type. To fix it, use contact rings. To reduce the strength of vibration, apply seals of different rigidity. In many configurations, a casing is installed above the rotor.

Using a traction relay

Traction relays are very often installed on a prefabricated valve motor. The principle of operation of devices is based on a moderate increase in the strength of the magnetic field. In this case, the winding is sequentially excited. In order to independently assemble the modification, a brush manifold should be used.

Also in this situation, you can not do without the main pole coil. However, first of all, you need to fix the rotor with the shaft. After that, it will be possible to tackle the terminal box. The primary winding of a valve-type motor must withstand the output voltage of 220 V. Special attention should be paid to the stator. To reduce the strength of vibration used seals of great rigidity. A locking ring is required to fix the shaft.