Typhoid fever. Treatment and prevention

An abdominal typhoid is an intestinal infection that results in the lymphatic apparatus of the small intestine. Characteristic features of the disease are cyclic flow, symptoms of general intoxication, the appearance of rash.

The development of typhoid fever is provoked by a typhoid rod or Salmonella typhi. These bacteria are very stable and well preserved in the environment, and when they get on food (cottage cheese, minced meat) begin to multiply actively. In the refrigerator and under the ice typhoid sticks do not die, but when they are boiled and surface treated with disinfectants, they can be quickly destroyed.

Infect such a disease as typhoid fever, you can from a sick person or from someone who is a carrier of typhoid bacillus. The patient begins to excrete pathogens at the end of the incubation period and remains infectious throughout the illness and often several more months after recovery. There were cases of chronic carrierism, when a person constantly isolated a typhoid rod, while remaining healthy.

Infection can occur both with direct contact with the carrier, and with the use of untreated water or contaminated products. In addition, typhoid fever can be carried by flies. Most cases of the disease are recorded in the warm season.

The incubation period after infection in the body can last from 3 to 25 days, although in most cases typhoid fever begins to manifest itself after one and a half to two weeks. The disease rarely begins acutely, usually the symptoms grow gradually.

The usual clinical picture is a gradual increase in temperature, the appearance of a feeling of indisposition, insomnia, weakness. The febrile state can last for several weeks, the temperature drop is slow. A week after the onset of the disease, a rash of reddish color may appear on the body, which disappears upon pressing. The rash, as a rule, is not too dense and passes in a few days. However, the possibility of repeated rashes during the entire febrile period is not ruled out.

The abdominal distension is noted from the right side due to intestinal lesion. The abdomen is painful, there is a tendency to constipation. There are changes in the liver and spleen, as well as violations of the cardiovascular system

Sometimes typhoid fever occurs intermittently, when after a typical onset of the disease all symptoms quickly disappear. Also, the disease can occur in a latent form. The prognosis in the absence of complications is favorable. But the disease can lead to such serious consequences as perforation of the intestine and the occurrence of intestinal bleeding, which can result in a fatal outcome.

Diagnosis is established by studying the clinical course of the disease, the epidemiological history and the results of laboratory studies. The earliest and accurate confirmation of the diagnosis can be obtained by analyzing typhoid fever by identifying the pathogen in the patient's blood. To do this, take the blood from the vein and sow it in a nutrient medium, after a few days it will be clear whether there is an exciter of typhoid in the body. Also, urine and feces are analyzed.

Treat patients with typhoid fever only in a hospital. From medicines, antibacterial drugs (biseptol, levomycetin, ampicillin) are prescribed. In combination with antibiotics, the patient is prescribed vaccine therapy to avoid recurrence of the disease and bacterial carrier. The patient must necessarily adhere to a fairly strict diet, so as not to create a load on the intestines.

In order not to be afraid of the development of such a serious disease as typhoid fever, prevention should be set at a high level. Preventive measures include: improvement of settlements, installation of sewage disposal systems, provision of access to clean water, and the development of basic sanitation and hygiene skills. An indispensable condition is the inspection of workers of food enterprises for carriage and organized combating of flies.