Types of communications and their characteristics

Communication is a process of information exchange that occurs between two people or a group. In any organization, the effectiveness of the work depends largely on the extent to which the staff is aware of a particular issue. An important place in the management is the moment of delegation of duties and authorities, while communication plays the main role.

Consider the types of communications. In management, they are divided into internal and external. The first kind of communication can be attributed to communications that occur between units, individual employees of the organization. Usually such communication occurs in connection with the coordination of actions within the enterprise.

External communications arise when the organization contacts the external environment. They include: communication with consumers, with state structures, with the public.

By hierarchical organization, the types of communications can be divided into horizontal, vertical and diagonal. The horizontal refers to the exchange of information between employees. These communications are important for coordinating the actions of people engaged in a single production process. In this case, workers often have a common manager, director. Horizontal communications help in the optimal allocation of resources, in the marketing of goods, etc. They also make it possible to establish equal contacts between all units of the same level.

Vertical communication is the exchange of information between management and subordinates. These can include: recommendations, orders, orders. These documents help the manager to effectively communicate information to employees. In turn, the subordinates report that the order is taken into account or the task is completed. Vertical communications are also referred to as communication between units that are at different levels of the hierarchy.

Diagonal communications combine the features of the two previous species. There is communication between the chiefs and subordinates of different departments.

Internal types of communication are divided into interpersonal and organizational. The first occur between two or more people. Organizational relations mean communication between groups. But this type of communication is also attributed to the exchange of information of one person with a group of people.

The following types of communications can be distinguished: informal and formal. Informal people are usually not related to the hierarchy of the organization, they are formed within the same group. Similar communications arise in any company. Management can use such communication with great profit for itself. With informal communications, the transmission of information occurs very quickly, most often in the form of gossip. Therefore, the head can make any good news for him in the form of rumors. So the information will reach subordinates quickly, but sometimes with changes and additions in the form of inventions of employees.

Formal communication links various elements in the structure of the organization. They are established by official rules, regulations, orders, instructions. These documents regulate the interaction of units and employees.

Types of communication in management can also be viewed from the point of view of the means of communication. People communicate verbally (written and spoken) and non-verbal (gestures, facial expressions, images, etc.).

Types of organizational communications can be divided according to the needs of the participants:

- communication in order to obtain any information;

- to transmit information to someone;

- communication to satisfy the emotional needs of the interlocutors;

- aimed at coordinating any action between people or a group.

Communication plays an important role in the functioning of the organization. A wise leader with the proper use of all types of communications can maximize productivity.