Trypillian culture

Trypillian culture is named for the area of discovery - the village of Tripolye, near Kiev. It was widespread during the Eneolithic period from the Dnieper to the west along the territory of Ukraine, in Moldova and in the eastern part of Romania, where it was called "Cucuteni". Tripol'tsy were the earliest settled settlement.

Some researchers believe that it originated in the second half of the 6th millennium and existed until the first quarter of the 3rd century BC.

The question of how the Trypillian culture took place remains unclear. Its foundation was made by the Neolithic tribes. Among them, special importance is given to the carriers of the Keresh, Bonn, Bugo-Dniester culture and linear-banded ceramics.

By Vikentiy Khvoika, the first Trypillian settlements of a thousand years ago were found at the end of the 19th century.

The main branches of the economy were then cattle breeding and agriculture. Trypillian culture was distinguished by a rather high level of development of social relations. The times of its existence are marked by a significant increase in population density in the areas of its spread.

The settlements of Trypillians were located near the water on gentle slopes, perfectly suited for farming. They consisted of mud houses (several dozen) with internal partitions. Presumably, in these houses lived consisting of several families of the community. In the numerous Trypillian cities supposedly lived about 15-20 thousand people.

Trypillia ceramics at that time occupied one of the leading places for perfection of painting, decoration, ornamentation in Europe. Pottery then reached a very high level. It should be noted that the Trypillian symbols were also found on the dishes of the tribes of the subsequent cultures of the Bronze Age. They are also clearly manifested in the pottery products of the Scythian-Greek period.

Some ornaments, traditions, technologies of agriculture survived to Kievan Rus. Today, sometimes you can see tripolye huts in Ukraine, painted with bright colors. In Ukrainian designs on shirts and towels elements of Trypillian ceramic paintings are looked through.

It is not clear until now how and why Tripolis civilization disappeared. Some historians are sure that this happened in connection with climate change. Trypillians had to disperse around the world, to master the new territories of Greece, the Middle East, Italy, Egypt, the British Isles.

There is also a hypothesis that the Trypillian culture ended its existence underground. For a long period this assumption had no evidence. However, later it was discovered by archaeologists in Western Ukraine several underground structures related to Trypillian culture. At the same time, residents did not just go underground, but continued to conduct quite an active economic activity.

The real repository of artifacts is Verteba. This cave became known as early as the 19th century, however, scientific research began to be carried out only in the 20th century. In its study, scientists came to the conclusion that the streams of melt and rain water that passed through the karst layers in ancient times repeatedly flooded the halls of the cave. In this regard, residents moved to other places in the dungeon for a while. At the same time, researchers note that Trypillians could accept such conditions - a constant lack of light and humidity - only if absolutely necessary.

The language spoken by the Trypillians, the advantage contained words with open syllables. Signs of the same language culture were found in Asia Minor and Crete. This suggests that the Tripolye language belonged to the Black Sea-Mediterranean group.