Thyristor voltage regulators. Regulator DC voltage on the thyristor

Regulators that are able to change the voltage in the device are used in a variety of areas. A simple example is the control of the luminescence of the lamp. In addition, regulators of this type are used in soldering irons. There they play the role of a temperature control unit. Often voltage regulators are called dimers. This is due to the fact that the principle of operation of these devices is based on a phase change.

What does the regulator consist of?

The main element of the regulator is considered to be a thyristor. Zener in the system, as a rule, one is installed. In turn, the number of resistors depends on the type of model. In addition, a resistor must be provided in the circuit, which is connected to the capacitor via a fuse. At the output of the system there are special resistors of a variable type.

Principle of operation of the device

The work of the regulator begins with the appearance of spark interruptions in the system. At this stage, the thyristor is activated. Its main task is to suppress the signal. At this point, it changes the angle. Depending on the settings of the device, then it gradually builds up. The angle is increased by means of transistors. To convert the energy into the circuit, a capacitor is installed. With overloads, a simple voltage regulator on the thyristor is controlled by a fuse. In addition, diodes can be used in models.

Performed functions

The main function of the voltage regulator is considered to be the change in the breakdown frequency. Additionally, the devices are able to influence the deionization index. In many respects it is connected with different operating modes. Automatic shutdown in models provided. The recovery of the voltage is quite fast. Also note the function of the primary current. It is in the control of the limiting value of the voltage. The secondary current function means setting the thyristor unlocking angle. In the event of an emergency, voltage regulators are capable of blocking interference. Diagnosis of power supplies can also be carried out.

Manual mode of operation

To change the parameters of the device manually on the controller, there are usually touch panels. By default, all indicators are reset. The values are monitored with the help of the central unit control. Algorithms of tasks depend on the structural elements of the device

Features of automatic operation

In automatic mode, there is no need to adjust the voltage limit. The electrostatic precipitator current will also be regulated independently. The deionization time in this case depends on the chosen algorithm. The step of reducing the voltage will also depend on it. To increase the current, individual settings are entered.

Homemade regulators

The self-made voltage regulator on a 12V thyristor can be made. The coefficient of efficiency will be no more than 70%. Thyristors are easiest to use with the marking "KU202". Zener diaphragms set different power. Much in this situation depends on which resistors are applied. The simplest types are "MLT". In turn, the transistors should take at least a series of "KT3".

If we consider the resistors of the "MLT-2" series, then they have a resistance index of 2 kOhm. Thus, the capacitor in the network must be good. Selecting the model "K73", you should know that it is designed for a voltage of 250 V. In this case, the maximum deviation in the network can not exceed 10%. Fuses in the regulators are usually set to 10 A.

Regulators with dinistors

The 220V voltage regulator on a thyristor of this type differs from conventional devices in that it has two outputs. As a rule, there are three analog channels in the system. Due to this, the measurement of the amplitude of the oscillations occurs rather quickly. The output voltage of many models reaches just over 230 V. The filtering system in the regulators is available. For synchronization in models there is only one channel.

The minimum voltage in it is maintained at 210 V. There are two channels for discrete control of the device. The output current parameter is quite high due to the good quality of the signal transmission. The minimum opening angle of the thyristor is 160 degrees. Maximum at the same time you can expose 200 degrees. The power consumption of regulators of this type reaches no more than 20 kW. In terms of dimensions, we can say that the devices are not too cumbersome and weigh an average of about 2 kg.

What is the difference between triode thyristors?

The triode voltage regulator on the thyristor (the circuit is shown below) is different in that it does not pass the reverse signal. As a result, it is rather difficult to control the current pulses. Regulators of this type are usually used for pairing with low-frequency devices. They work, as a rule, in an automatic mode. There are three analog channels in this configuration. The parameter of the input voltage fluctuates around 24 V.

The maximum deviation in the chain can be 15%. There are two synchronization channels in the device. Thus, the limiting frequency can be adjusted. For discrete control, there are two output channels. The minimum thyristor angle in the system is 150 degrees. Maximum is the ability to expose it on average 180 degrees. The power consumption of many models is 220 V. In terms of dimensions, these devices are quite different.

Properties of regulators with lockable thyristors

These voltage regulators on thyristors are called lockable because they can be turned off by a current pulse. At this time, the reverse current also changes. The shortcomings of this type include a small coefficient of efficiency. Most models of this type are produced single-phase, but two-phase modifications also exist.

The limit voltage regulators are maintained at 110 V. The maximum deviation in the circuit can be only 10%. Nominal frequency regulators of voltage on thyristors are able to maintain at around 50 Hz. The device can withstand a current load of 1 A. Automatic control is provided in many models by the manufacturer. As a result, it is possible to change the discrete value of the current. Thus, it is possible to directly influence the alternating cycle, on which the electric motor's power depends.

Display systems in devices are very diverse. Most often in the market you can find four-digit displays. With their help, you can quite comfortably watch all the indicators of the voltage regulator. There are also step indicator systems. Their feature is the rapid processing of data. For more accurate indicators in the thyristor voltage regulators, dashed indicator systems are installed. They also process information quickly. Finally, the last type of indicator systems can be called LED devices.

Combined-switchable regulators

The combined-and-disconnected thyristor voltage regulator (shown below) is very similar to lockable devices. It takes a little longer to shutdown. Most models to date are made single-phase. The parameter of the applied voltage is an average of about 120 V. The limiting frequency of such regulators varies around 30 Hz. Automatic control is provided for them.

In addition, it should be noted the possibility of using feedback. As a result, the quality of the output signal is significantly increased. Resistive load voltage regulators on thyristors stand poorly, and this should be taken into account. The average power consumption is 8 watts. Indicating systems, as a rule, are sensory ones. However, there are bar-shaped configurations for displaying data. In addition, the regulators have fans for cooling the resistors. With their help, you can achieve a significant increase in efficiency. Rectifiers with a thyristor voltage regulator of this type on the motor can also be installed.

Models with triacs

Thyristors in such models are located parallel to each other. The current carrying capacity in this case increases significantly. The voltage in the circuit can travel in all directions. Polarized pulses by the regulator are perceived well because of the large number of analog channels. The input voltage is typically 50 watts.

There are 3 channels for synchronization in the device. Due to them, the voltage in the circuit is kept high. The value of the permissible current is 3 A. The resistance of the transistors is maintained at 4 MPa. The supply voltage of the system is in many models of 240 V. Thus, the limiting frequency can be at the level of 45 Hz. The angle of inclination of the thyristor in the regulator depends solely on the value of the voltage of the input signal.

Overview avalanche regulators

Avalanche voltage regulator on the thyristor is called so because of the fact that the characteristics of the device increase with time, and the indicators are becoming larger. A distinctive feature of these devices can safely be considered good resistance to various fluctuations. Due to this model of this type is absolutely not afraid of overvoltage. The areas of use of avalanche regulators are quite extensive. Most often they are used for normal operation of high-frequency equipment for pumping liquids.

The average number of analog channels is 3. The input voltage in the circuit is maintained at 230 V. For synchronization, there is only one channel in the circuit. The limiting frequency is quite stable. If we consider the voltage regulator on the thyristor "Ku202n", then the permissible current parameter varies in the region of 2 A. The resistance in the chain is maintained on average about 3 MPa. The power supply voltage is 230V models. The power consumption depends on the manufacturer.