Turbojet engine: application and device

The turbojet engine is a gas turbine device, in which the thrust is created by converting the energy (thermal) into a kinetic gas stream. The resulting reaction is used as a driving force.

The turbojet engine has received the greatest distribution and efficiency in aircrafts that are capable of developing high flight speeds (supersonic aircraft).

There are one- and two-circuit devices, which are supplied with afterburners, which substantially allow to increase the takeoff and flight thrust. At this, with a higher thrust index, the speed of flight increases.

The breadth of application of turbojet engines is due to the relative simplicity of their design and low specific gravity. The unit consists of a combustion chamber, a turbine, a compressor and an exhaust nozzle representing a narrowing pipe that is located inside the exhaust manifold.

The air acquires in the intake a preliminary increase in pressure (due to the high-speed head), which then rises in the compressor. This allows creating favorable conditions for combustion processes and efficient use of heat. The permissible temperature at the entrance to the gas turbine depends on the heat resistance of the materials and the cooling efficiency of the turbine. The increase in air pressure and temperature of gases is a characteristic feature of most types of gas turbine devices.

The turbojet engine, used in unmanned and high-speed aviation, provides a significant increase in thrust in the afterburner modes, and, consequently, tractive power when supersonic speed is reached. However, the aggregates used in the subsonic flights area, by traction parameters and economy, are inferior to other types of gas turbine engines. This is due to the principle of the device, which is associated with relatively high losses of heat and high-speed energy with an exhaust stream at low flight numbers (M).

The turbojet engine can not be assembled with its own hands, for this it is necessary to thoroughly know its structure and the principles of operation of all elements.

The device includes a gas compressor system , which is located between the chambers and the inlet. Thanks to the energy generated from the combustion of the fuel, the turbine drives the compressor and provides traction.

Detailed schemes and calculations of the components of the propulsion system, as well as piston motors, are very diverse. In various sources, you can find detailed calculation data and simple descriptions for these systems, which allows you to make a homemade turbojet engine.

Units in which centrifugal pumps are installed do not have an afterburner. Gases, leaving the turbine, get into the jet nozzle, after which they expire into the atmosphere at high speed. The thrust is created by incrementing the velocity of the gases leaving the engine.