The YaAZ-210: Photo

This legendary truck, developed in Yaroslavl, a triaxial YAAZ-210, was the first to be launched in the series. The car is unique in that it was designed for a carrying capacity of more than ten tons. Let's get acquainted with this legend of the Soviet automobile industry.

Bogatyr from Yaroslavl

The automobile plant in Yaroslavl, before the war, produced trucks with maximum payload. Thus, in 1925, the YaAZ plant was set up to produce three-tonne machines. In 31 years the plant produced a three-axle vehicle with an YAG-10 index of 8 tons. In the period from 34 to 39, the YAG-4, YAG-5, YAG- 6, designed to transport 5 tons of cargo.

There is nothing surprising in the fact that the creation of the next generation of heavy trucks was commissioned by the staff of the YaAZ plant. But the work, as soon as they started, had to be abruptly ended - Germany went to war with the USSR. However, the development was resumed in 43. At the same time, as an example for the diesel unit, the American analogue - two-stroke GMC-71. The fact is that the equipment for assembling and manufacturing this motor at the end of the Second World War was purchased in America.

The first model in the new family of heavy trucks was the YaAZ-200, the maximum capacity of which was 7 tons. It was a car with two axles and a 4-cylinder diesel engine with a capacity of 110 hp. With a working volume of 4.6 liters. The truck was released as a prototype at the end of 44 years. At the same time, a logo was installed on the hood - a chrome bear. It is a historical symbol of the city of Yaroslavl. In the series the truck was launched in the year 47. The car was regularly produced for five years. Then the model was launched at the Minsk Automobile Plant - production started in the year 48. And already by the 51st, 25 thousand copies were produced.

210th and modifications

Since one place appeared on the YaAZ, the common decision was to start producing three-axle trucks of the YaAZ-210. The work on the release was planned to start on the basis of what was already available. These are units from the 200th model. The 210th from the predecessor differed in double the maximum weight and capacity capabilities. The first prototypes were published in the end of 48 g. The first on-board truck was built in the experimental shop of the plant. He could carry loads of a total mass of up to 12 tons on the asphalt surface. 10 tons the machine could transport on dirt roads. At the same time, the version with the index "A" was shown - in the complete set was a winch, capable of pulling a mass of up to 15 tons. Other modifications were made. This is ballast and tractor units 210-G and YaAZ 210-D. These machines are capable of towing trailers with a total mass of up to 54 tons. A year later, a 210-E dump truck was added to this series.

Features of truck tractors

The tractor was originally intended for heavy trailers. The car was equipped with a saddle mechanism, as well as a compressor for air supply to the air mains of the brake system on the trailer.

These machines worked as a towing vehicle for fuel filling tanks TZ-16 of TU-104 passenger aircraft. In addition, they were used to tow the D-375 sprinkler. These trailers filled the joints with tar in the construction of roads. The design of the truck was extremely simple. Then no one thought about the forms and smoothness of the lines.

The country needs the most simple working machine. And with these goals, YAZ managed to "cheer". By the way, in the profile of the design of a truck tractor recalls the first Kremenchug KrAZ.

210th and his role in the fleet of the USSR

The creation of these three-axle trucks greatly influenced the efficiency of the entire transport industry of a large country for the better. Until this time, due to the small possibilities of the fleet, it was simply impossible to effectively solve the problems that confronted the USSR. The YaAZ-210 car helped significantly in the development of Soviet industry.

Also, many special vehicles were created on the basis of the 210th to work in the oil industry. Mixing plants, well servicing machines, tank trucks, acid treatment plants, compressor units and much more can be noted here.

The appearance of a triaxial 210th

It would be wrong to say that the three-axle truck was made from the 200th model by simply elongating the spars, installing the transfer case and adding another pair of driving wheels and a bridge. The unification was very high between the base models. In the design of cars, engineers used the same cab, bonnet, wings and bumper. Even the design of the front axle, suspension, gearbox, steering and braking system - everything was completely identical. Even more - on the triaxial, the torque from the power unit was decided to be delivered to each drive axle with a separate propeller shaft. The transfer numbers of the main gears on the bridges the engineers kept. And the total number in the transmission system was changed by applying a transfer box gearbox. By the way, the latter was two-stage.

After reviewing the design

But more axles required a revision of the entire structure. We must start with the fact that the YaAZ-210 was equipped not only with a standardized four-cylinder power unit, but also with a 6-cylinder diesel engine with a volume of 6.97 liters. At dump trucks and trucks this engine produced 168 hp, and for the saddle and ballast tractors the unit was forced, so that it produced up to 215 power capacities. The maximum speed of a truck is 55 kilometers per hour. For those years, these were good technical characteristics.

The clutch system remained the same single-disk. But its diameter was increased by 3 centimeters. In the design of the demultiplexer there was a synchronizer. He made it easier to switch in traffic. At the driveshafts, the engineers increased the distances between bearing centers. The length of the needles has also increased. The surface of the radiator also grew - so, the effective cooling surface could be increased by 15 percent. The diameter of the pipe of the muffler increased by 20.

For all modifications of the YaAZ-210, in addition to the dump truck, two fuel tanks were installed. Their total capacity was 450 liters. The average fuel consumption of this series of cars was 55 liters per hundred kilometers (nobody was worried about the economy at that time). The tank was sufficient to provide a 800 km radius of the car. The fuel consumption per ton-kilometer was even 8 percent less than the 200-th model.

Dumper: the most popular in the series

Among all models of this family the most popular and popular was the YAZ-210 dumper. See our article for a photo. In this there is nothing surprising - by the time the most heavy car appeared such a plan, designed for traffic on roads, was MAZ-205. He was at the disposal of the industry, construction and mining organizations. Its capacity was only 5 tons. The volume of the body is only 3.6 cubic meters.

Memories of the creators

The designer of the Yaroslavl plant, Viktor Osepchugov somehow remembered how he went to the construction site - the Volga-Don channel. There he had to observe how the stone was loaded onto the MAZ-205 with the help of excavators. One bucket of such an excavator had a volume of 3 cubic meters. Excavators carefully lowered their bucket almost to the bottom of the platform dumper. Then the bucket lock very slowly opened and it was lifted, that stones dropped out slowly and gradually. This was also done so that the load did not hit the bottom of the body. Many stones weighed more than one ton. You can see a good documentary about the YaAZ-210 E - it will appeal to fans of retro technology and trucks.

Raw clay loaded on three-ton trucks was even more difficult. It, unlike the stones, was poured onto the platform of the dumper all at once, with all its mass. The load was on the body simply incredible at the moment when the excavator was lifting the ladle of the car. All this led to the failure of the suspension of the dumper. Also subframes and platforms of MAZs that were not suitable for such operation were broken.

Increasing efficiency

When the builders received the YaAZ-210 E (dump trucks with a carrying capacity of up to 10 tons and a body volume of 8 cubic meters), this immediately changed the whole technology of work. Disappeared and the breakdown, which were before. It can not be said that they disappeared completely - the problems occurred much less frequently. The introduction of these dump trucks with the three leading axles has significantly increased the efficiency of construction, and all other works that were then performed in the USSR. Take a look what the YAZAZ-210 looks like. Photos from the personal archive of developers.

Even if you do not look at the fact that only two buckets are placed on the platform of the 210th dump truck, the loading time only increases by one-third. The time costs for one flight only increase by 6.5%. This makes it possible to halve the number of drivers, thereby unloading the public roads.

Tipper truck and other modifications

About this car, you can still say the following - on its base in the year 52 the employees of the Institute of Mining of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR created a dumper truck. In the 56th year, the 218th model began to be tested with a lateral loading / unloading platform.

Also on the basis of 210 models was released diesel-electric truck crane YAAZ-210 K104. He could lift loads of up to 10 tons and was produced at the Kamyshin Crane Plant. This special equipment was widely used at industrial facilities, construction, in various warehouses and bases, where it was necessary to perform a variety of operations for the processing of goods.

End of release

Three-axle dump trucks at the Yaroslavl plant were made before the year 59, and then the output moved to the Ukrainian Kremenchug. YaAZ was redesigned for the production of power units and engines. Here he is, the legendary heavy truck - the first in the USSR in his time, that helped in the construction, industry, mining and other industries that were engaged in a huge country - the Soviet Union.