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The Washington Conference and the major treaties adopted on it

The 1st World War dealt a serious blow to many countries - the losses were very great, the population's recovery was slow, and strained relations remained between yesterday's enemies. Particularly acute were the contradictions between the four leading countries of the world - France, the United States, Britain and Japan. The reason for these contradictions was the division of the Pacific Ocean and the forces of the navy.

Relations between these countries were growing more and more, all clearly felt that for several more years - and a new war would become inevitable. Then it was decided to convene a conference in which all contradictions will be agreed and the countries-opponents will be able to come to a mutually beneficial decision that will prevent the conflict.

The United States was chosen as the venue for the conference , and the Washington Conference of 1921 was convened in their capital.

It should be noted that the Washington conference was convened at the initiative of the United States - they expected to obtain favorable contracts for themselves. Officially, the main goal of the conference was to stop the movement of the peoples of the Soviet Union and dependent countries. What is noteworthy, the government of the Soviet Union was not invited to the conference, and when the delegation of the Far Eastern Republic was sent to Washington, she was denied admission to the conference.

From November 1921 to February 1922 the Washington Conference was held, and its decisions were very important for the whole world. Particularly significant were the three treaties: the "treaty of four", the "treaty of nine" and the "treaty of five."

The Washington conference signed the "treaty of the four" on December 13 of the 21st year. In this treaty, as can be understood from the title, four powers participated: the USA, France, England and Japan. The essence of this treaty is the consent of all four countries to jointly protect the territorial rights that have been agreed upon in the Pacific. In addition, the "treaty of four" stipulated the disruption of the Anglo-Japanese alliance, which lasted since 1902. This union was torn apart due to considerable pressure from the United States, since the alliance between Britain and Japan was directed against certain US plans.

The "Treaty of Five" was adopted by the Washington Conference just before its conclusion - February 6, 1922. This treaty also has a second name - the Washington Maritime Treaty. The following powers participated in it: France, USA, Japan, Great Britain and Italy. This treaty stipulated the need to limit the naval armed forces of all participating countries. According to the naval agreement, the United States obtained the advantage over the forces of the navy.

In addition to the United States, Japan and the United Kingdom have secured some advantages through this treaty. So, Great Britain and the USA were given Japan's obligation not to build bases in the Pacific Ocean east of the 110th meridian of eastern longitude. And Britain retained its actual advantage due to the fact that the tonnage of the navy was not limited.

The "Treaty of Nine" Washington Conference adopted simultaneously with the "treaty of five." The following countries participated in this treaty: France, Belgium, USA, Great Britain, Japan, Netherlands, Italy, Portugal and China. According to this agreement, all the countries participating in it were given equal opportunities, and China became a country that everyone could use (and not only Japan, as it was intended earlier). Japan also pledged to refrain from presenting China with "Twenty One Claims".

Only here the rights of China at the conclusion of the treaty were somewhat infringed: it was not all the Japanese troops were withdrawn, and China itself was imposed a special customs tariff, which strengthens its (China's) inequality.

The US government was making plans to seize the best positions on the CER, but, thanks to the resistance of China, which was disadvantaged in its rights and the offended Soviet Union, these plans could not be realized.

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