The technique of massage. Classical therapeutic massage. Children's massage

The term "massage" has French roots. He came from the verb "masser". This word is translated as "rubbing". Descriptions of the techniques of massage were found in Egyptian papyri. This people borrowed this procedure from the ancient Greeks. It was they who started using massage to treat various diseases. Now this is one of the directions of manual therapy, which has the widest range of applications.

Most often the massage is used in parallel with the methods of physiotherapy. Less often the procedure is performed by itself. For example, when massage is recommended for relaxation. Today this direction of manual therapy differs in various forms, which can be explained by fashion trends, as well as marketing success. However, massage is distinguished only by the manipulations performed. In addition, its therapeutic purpose and goals remain, as before, classical.

Application

Massage is recommended for the following purposes:

- for calming, anesthetizing, as well as relaxing the tissues of the musculoskeletal system;
- to reduce fatigue (psychological and physical), as well as to reduce muscle tension;
- to stimulate the musculoskeletal system;
- to improve lymph and blood circulation, as well as to increase metabolism in the body;
- to strengthen the function of the sebaceous and sweat glands;
- for the expansion of the vessels of the skin.

There are different types of classical massage. These include medical and sports, cosmetic and hygienic types of procedure. There is also a kind of self-massage.

Application area

Massage is prescribed to the patient as a medical and rehabilitation remedy for such problems:

- various pathological processes occurring in the locomotor apparatus (hematomas, post-traumatic puffiness, periarticular and muscular pains, lumbago, etc.);
- an uneventful type of rheumatic diseases of the motor system;
- Vascular pathologies (varicose, lymphadem, trophic ulcers);
- diseases of the nervous system (stress, overwork, insomnia, paralysis);
- diseases of the respiratory system (asthma, chronic bronchitis, etc.);
- Pathologies of the digestive tract (constipation, flatulence, spasms in the intestine).

Massage can be used for cosmetic purposes to eliminate cellulite and lymphatic edema. It is used for fluid retention in tissues, strengthening muscle tone and skin tone, and also for overweight.

Basic techniques

The technique of massage includes such movements as rubbing, stroking and kneading. In addition, vibration and shock techniques are used. During the procedure, passive movements also take place.

The technique of massage, like everything in today's world, does not stand still. There are new methods and types of this direction of manual therapy. However, the basis of all the newly appeared massage techniques are the movements described above. Having mastered them, it is quite easy to learn any new tricks.

Stroking

With this movement, any massage begins. When performing this method, the palm of the masseur must move freely over the patient's skin. This produces a low-intensity pressure.

The technique of massage involves the application of this movement, not only at the beginning of the procedure, but also at its end. Perform stroking and between other manipulations (rubbing, vibration, etc.). The direction in which the hand of the masseur moves, should be in the direction of closely located lymph nodes. This method takes from five to ten percent of the entire session time. The main purpose of this movement is to warm up the skin and subcutaneous structures for their preparation for deeper effects.

Slow and gentle performance allows you to calm the nervous system. This reduces pain symptoms, which is especially important in trauma, as well as pathologies of the neuromuscular system. Stroking allows you to accelerate the lymph flow, as it is directed toward the large nodes of this system. Reception can have a significant effect on the skin. During stroking, dead cells of the epidermis, microbes and dust are removed. This activates the work of the sebaceous and sweat glands. Improves breathing of the skin, its nutrition, as well as blood circulation.

Trituration

This is the second method, which involves a massage technique. He follows the stroking. Rubbing is performed with the knuckles of the fingers, the palm, its edge, or with the thumbs. During this procedure, considerable pressure should be applied to the patient's skin. The goal of rubbing is to affect the deep layers of the skin.

There are a lot of options for this method. The rubbing can be deep and shallow, spiraling and spitz-shaped, as well as with the pressure exerted by two hands, and comb-like.

The technique of classical massage uses this technique to stretch and shift tissues in different directions. When rubbing the patient, the expert's hands do not slip over the skin. They must shift it and shift it. At this reception technique of classical massage is allocated thirty-forty percent of the time of the entire session.

Stretching and displacement of tissues contributes to the expansion of the vessels, which is a prerequisite for enhancing blood circulation. As a rule, the temperature of the skin increases by one to two degrees. Tissues receive more oxygen and nutrients, and also get rid of various slags faster.

Classical medical massage includes grinding as an opportunity for faster resorption of pathological deposits, as well as scarring and accumulated in the tissues of fluid. Vigorous movements can significantly improve muscle tone.

Rubbing is the main method during joint massage. This procedure is especially useful after trauma. It allows you to increase the mobility of the joint. When rubbing, the excitability of the nervous system decreases. In addition, this method allows you to significantly reduce pain in neuralgia and neuritis. In this case, the specialist must perform deep rubbing along the nerve trunks.

Kneading

The technique of the massage provides for a stronger effect on the muscles and tissues of the patient's body than in the previous movements. This becomes possible when carrying out the kneading, which follows the grinding.
It is this technique that provides the technique of therapeutic massage in case of manipulation in the collar zone. It is also effective in the area of the limbs and back. Kneading can be called the main movement in the performance of sports and therapeutic massages.

The main task of this manipulation is the grasping and kneading by hands of those layers of tissue and muscles that are very deep. This will improve limfodrenazh and the outflow of blood from the veins. Also increases the mobility of the tissues and muscles during the massage.

The technique of performing kneading is very complicated. It is impossible for her to learn remotely. The fact is that the masseur needs to determine the condition in which the muscle fibers are located, by touching the skin of the patient with fingertips. Only in the case when a person has mastered the technique of this technique, he is able to do a classical massage. But remember that a video will never be able to convey the knowledge that an experienced expert has.

Classic massage for kneading is given almost sixty percent of the time of the entire session. By its effect, this technique is often compared with passive gymnastics and its use is recommended to eliminate the atrophy of the musculature of the skeleton.

During kneading in the tendons, muscles and articular bags receptors are excited, which positively affects the work of the nervous system. The nature of these transformations directly depends on the strength, pace, and duration of the massage procedure.

Shock Techniques

They are the last in the main phase of the massage. The execution of percussion techniques is performed by tapping, shaking and tapping with fingers and hands of a specialist in the patient's body. Rhythmic strokes contribute to an increase in venous pressure and a decrease in the microcirculation of venous blood. If the reception is carried out with the help of rapid and vigorous strikes, the nervous system is toned down, the analgesic effect becomes noticeable. Shock massage techniques are used as a distraction tactic. They allow you to eliminate pain when treating a neighboring area with a painful patch.

With the help of shock techniques, the effect on the internal organs is also effected. For example, pokolachivanie chest allows you to lower blood pressure and heart rate.

Massage of the spine

A common phenomenon in the modern world is back pain. One of the methods for solving this problem is massage. And it's not surprising that people who have a backache often turn to a specialist for health sessions. It is worth saying that there is no such procedure as therapeutic massage of the spine. The specialist works on the muscles in the back area. However, it does not affect the spine.

During carrying out of improving back massage the expert influences ligaments and soft tissues. Movements of hands allow to launch a lot of positive processes in the patient's body. For a person who has a backache, the main thing is to relax the muscles and activate blood circulation. This process allows you to get one more result. It is the activation of blood circulation in intervertebral discs. Also, a process is started that allows the restoration of cartilaginous tissues. Muscles during the procedure are relaxed, vertebrae are easier to get into place. That is why a back massage can eliminate the jamming of the nerve endings of the spinal cord and eliminate the main source of pain in the back.

Massage with osteochondrosis

This pathology is diagnosed in patients of different ages. Its main cause is the deformation of the intervertebral discs.

Therapeutic massage with osteochondrosis is able to help with the first signs of the disease. And not surprisingly. Pathology contributes to the appearance of muscle spasm, and the soft movements that produce the hands of a specialist, are able to relax tense tissues and release the pinched nerves.

The greatest effect will allow to receive sessions of classical manual massage, which will be conducted with the participation of an experienced specialist with a medical background. Such manipulations will relieve or reduce pain, strengthen muscles and prevent a relapse of pathology. In case of an exacerbation of an osteochondrosis the expert will influence on painless areas of a body which are connected with a pathology area by a reflex.

What is the technique of such a massage? It involves the use of techniques such as stroking and squeezing, kneading and shaking, rubbing, passive and active movements with the applied resistance, as well as shaking and striking. If there is an exacerbation of the disease, the impact on the pathological area changes from session to session. At the beginning of the course less active movements are used. Then the degree of their strength is gradually increasing. The masseur in this case should be guided by the patient's condition.

At present, with osteochondrosis, acupressure is popular . During such a procedure, the special zones located on the patient's body are affected. These are points that have a reflex connection with certain nerves, blood vessels and muscles. Helps with osteochondrosis and electromassage.

Carrying out of children's massage

This procedure is useful for toddlers, whose age ranges from two to three months to a year. Children's massage is a useful procedure. It helps the child develop emotionally, physically, and mentally.

Children can massage their parents or carry a child to a professional specialist for sessions. The procedure is carried out from two to three months of age. It is necessary to observe some massage conditions. So, you can carry out manipulations only one hour after a meal or thirty minutes before a meal. Such procedures are undesirable before going to bed. Massage can be done to babies either every day or every other day. In this case, it is not recommended to use the cream. This tool is only for adults.

Children's massage is performed with constant monitoring of the child's reaction. The kid should not cry and get irritated. Otherwise, it is worthwhile to stop the manipulation. The main methods for carrying out a child's massage are stroking and rubbing, kneading, and vibration. Movements should be gentle and soft. Especially neatly perform kneading and vibration. It is recommended to hold a massage session for five to seven minutes.

Massage of the heart

This procedure has to be done when first aid is provided to a person in distress. Knowing how the technique of heart massage is characterized, you can save the victim from death.

What is the main principle of this manipulation? The person who has lost consciousness is in a relaxed state. It is this property of the muscle tissue that is used in the massage. In such a situation it becomes possible to produce a displacement of the bones of the chest in such a way that the heart contracts between the spine and the breastbone. This is necessary for pushing blood from the heart muscle. After that, the important organ is straightened. In it automatically from the vessels another portion of blood gets. When the manipulation is repeated, the heart rhythm is maintained . It is stimulated to work and begins to fight on its own.

Heart massage is accompanied by artificial respiration. Pressing movements should be applied to the lower part of the sternum in order not to injure the ribs. The time of one pressing is 1 second. This will allow blood to move to the heart. After pushing the hand should be left on the sternum for half a second, and only after that remove them. The effectiveness of the massage becomes apparent when the victim has a pulse during the pressure. At the same time, the cyanosis of the skin and mucous membranes should decrease, the pupils contract, and then independent breathing develops.

Massage training

Carrying out of therapeutic and relaxing manipulations is necessary for everyone. In the absence of contraindications, massage is needed for children, adults, and elderly people. Especially in need of it the inhabitants of large cities. Massage will allow them to maintain good health and will prevent various ailments. The implementation of this procedure will effectively combat stress and give beauty.

A good specialist in massage is always in demand. He is the best assistant physiotherapists, rehabilitators, orthopedists and sports trainers.

How to master this technique? You need to take a course of medical massage. The curricula are accessible for understanding. They can be mastered even by those who do not have medical education. The massage courses familiarize the students with the basics and techniques of the classical direction of manual therapy. Often, here you can learn other manipulations. This is hygienic and anti-cellulite massage of various kinds. Students are actively involved in the process. At the same time, all people who have taken massage courses can consolidate their knowledge during practical classes. As a rule, someone who wants a career as a masseur desires to get training, and seeks to master the basic techniques for carrying out procedures to his relatives.

It is worth saying that there is no need for any special preparation for classes at these courses. By the end of the study, almost all are beginning to confidently master the key techniques in this area of manual therapy.