The suffix "nickname". Russian language

One of the most productive in the Russian language is the suffix -nik- (-nits-). I must say that it has an alternation of consonants to / c. The variant with the letter "k" forms words that refer to the masculine gender, the variant with the letter "c" refers to the words of the feminine gender.

It forms words with a common objective meaning, that is, it happens in the names of nouns. Words with the suffix -nik- can be divided into groups by their lexical meaning.

Words with the meaning of a person

This is a very large semantic group. All words in it denote a person by his activities, occupation, by profession.

If they are males, they have the suffix -nik-, examples of such words: boatman, tanner, gardener, forester, fosterman, repairman, dirty dog, robber, agrarian, altynnik, apparatchnik, balalaika, dumpling, balanik, lamb, , A white-robed girl, a shoreline, a biser, a fornicator, a bribe taker, a hanged man, an offender, a water worker, a military leader, a wizard, a freedman, a receiver, a eighties, an eighth-grader, a horseman, a second-year student, a second-grader, a sophomore, a graduate, an eye-doctor, a hawk, a hunter, Sickleman, town governor, sinner, sinner, mushroom picker, summerman, janitor, ninth-grader, tenth-year student, foreman, graduate student, debtor, pre-conscript, road worker, preschooler, defender, pickpocket, convict, cinematographer, brickman, slanderer, kolkhoznik, nomad, A magician, a magician, a puppeteer, a culture worker, a health visitor, a medical worker, a miller, a rider, a classmate, an honors pupil, a gunsmith, a submariner, a scout, a debauchee, a razluchnik, a wise man, a seeker, a dissenter, a libertine, a warrior, an interlocutor, an adviser, a companion, a prisoner, a conjurer , Artist, chastushnik, chasnik, man-hater, warlock, fourth-year student, fourth-year student, drummer, glutton, shabashnik, hood, sorcerer, sixth grader, shinnik, schoolboy, self-seeker, saddler, swindler, yubovnik, slander, pagan.

If they are females, the nouns that designate them have a morpheme-teacher: a companion, a mother-in-law, a charmer, a witness, a worker, a master, a wizard, etc.

Words indicating plants

There are nouns with the suffix -nik-in the Russian language, denoting the plant or the place on which it grows.

For example: barberry, birch, vineyard, cherry, wolfberry, lichen, blackberry; Marshmallow, alder, gooseberry, sunflower, broom, currant, raspberry, strawberry, blueberry, cowberry, spruce, aspen, wren, crush, hazel, dogrose, barley, berry.

Words with the meaning of the household item

Words with the suffix -nik- (-nits-) denote dishes or any other things that are in the house. Examples of these words: brewer, salad bowl, teapot, coffee pot, stewpot, washstand, sauce diner, wiping pan, pepper, soup tureen, suharnitsa, whitewater.

There is a group of words with the meaning of the device, the instrument: alarm clock, conductor, water collector, water sump, dampener, thermometer, milking machine, lift, garbage collection, collar, radio, boiler, refrigerator, freezer, soldering iron, candlestick.

A special group consists of words that call food or food: an evening meal, a mid-morning snack, a pancake, a kurik, a gingerbread, a pickle, a cheese cake.

It is possible to distinguish the word category denoting the premises and constructions: the upper room, the stall, the hay barn, the pigsty, the cowshed, the coop, the calf.

The suffix -nik forms words with the meaning "clothes": summer, quilted jacket, arm ruffle, pantnik, spodniki, kosoklininik.

Words formed by the prefix-suffix way

Some words that have the suffix -nik- are formed by the simultaneous attachment of a prefix and a suffix. Such words also have an objective meaning:

• An object that is below something: a window sill, an armrest, a cup holder, a headrest.
• An object that covers something: a headband, a tip, a knob, an arm ruffle, a knee pads, a muzzle, and headphones.
• A man who does not have anything: a free rider, a besser, a horseless, a shameless, a homeless, a spineless, an atheist, a lackey.
• People or objects that are located along something: a border guard, a plantain.

The objective meaning of such words is formed with the help of a suffix, and the spatial meaning is introduced by the prefix.

How to distinguish suffixes -nik- and -ik-.

What is the suffix in a word, for example, a mechanic? If you say that -nik-, then it will be wrong. In the word mechanic, the word-forming morpheme is -ik-. To prove this, we need to make a derivational analysis: a mechanic is a person who has the ability to handle mechanisms, there is an "n" in the producing basis. From this it follows that the suffix is here -and-.

On the same principle in the word "sandstone" this same morpheme is distinguished-iq-, and not -nik-, since the word is sandy. And at the heart of this word is the letter "n".

And in the word lichen, definitely, the suffix -nik-. It is formed from the word "deprive". As we see, in the basis of this word there is no letter "n".

How do the doubled consonants NN appear in nouns

A double consonant in a word appears, as a rule, at the junction of morphemes, unless, of course, the word is not foreign by origin. This means that one "n" refers to the basis of the producing word, and the second "n" is the first letter of the suffix. It is possible to give the example of the words with -nik-: a bath-house (bath), a wanderer (country), a chosen one, a guard (guard), a fable (fable), a root (root), a supporter (party), a birthday (name-day) Swindler (moshna), elderberry (elder), insomnia (sleep), woodpile (log).

The difficulty can arise when distinguishing the suffix -nik- or -n- and -ik:

Consider the examples: guard - security (-nik-), elected - elected (-ik-). What needs to be learned in this case? A very simple circumstance: -nik-is used when a noun is formed from another noun, and-i-produces a noun from an adjective or participle.

Here are examples of words where the suffix -nik- or -n- and -ik:

• -nik-: druzhin-nick (druzhina-existent.), Rowan-nick (rowan-sush.), Arshin-nick (arshin-existent), patrimonial-nickname
• -n + -ik: hryvnia-n-iq (hryvnia-pril.), Con-n-iq (equestrian-pril.), Root-n-iq (indigenous-pr.), Captive-n-iq (captive - Pri-n-iq (sacred-pril.), Own-n-iq (own-private), public-n-iq (public-private), sent-n-iq (sent - acc. ), Production-n-iq (production - adj.), Relatives-n-iq (related - adj.), Semen-n-iq (seed - adj.), Modern-n-iq (modern - adj.), Expelled-n-iq (exile-prich.)

Words with one letter "n"

One letter "n" is written in nouns, which are formed from adjectives or participles with one "n". Examples of words in which one letter is written: varen-ik (boiled), wind-ick (windy), guest-egg (drawing room), wood-ick (wood-burning), cannabis-ik (hemp) -a (bone), oily-egg-a (oiled), peat-ick (peat).

The suffix -nik-in English

In English, this suffix with the words "satellite" and "beatnik" got. The first word is known all over the world after the launch of the first Earth satellite.

The second word is associated with the name of journalist Herba Kein, who suggested calling the generation of the broken youth the word "beatniki".

Thus, the English suffix has got into English and formed in it a whole nest of words with the meaning of a person adhering to a certain style in behavior.

In English, he gives words a mocking, dismissive meaning. This property is common in relation to borrowing, let us recall Leo Tolstoy: he used French to negatively characterize his negative characters.

About two dozen English words have the suffix "nickname". Examples of some of them:

• Neatnik-caring for himself;
• Peacenik-speaking against the war;
• Refusenik - not allowed to leave;
• Protestnik - a protestor;
• Draftnik - drafted into military service;
• Vietnik - who served in Vietnam;
• Folknik - a fan of folklore;
• Nudnik - a tedious person;
• No-goodnik - a worthless person, from whom nothing good is expected;
• Freudnik is a follower of Freud;
• Goethenik - a worshiper of Goethe;
• Detentenik - a supporter of the detente;
• Computernik - a fan of computer technology;
• Real-estatenik - real estate dealer;
• Sitnik is an adherent of Buddhism.

Thus, there is a suffix -nik-in Russian, which made a good career in English speech.