The role of nutrition in the treatment of diabetes, or what can not be eaten with diabetes mellitus

"Sweet Blood" - so literally translated the Greek word "glycemia", which means the blood glucose (sugar). In a healthy human body, the glucose (sugar) that enters the body in the carbohydrates and forms in the digestive tract and then penetrates the blood is in the values of 3.3 to 5.5 mmol / l, only at such values the person feels in Norm. As a result of complex biochemical transformations taking place in the cells of the body supplied with blood, glucose breaks down and ATP-adenosine-3-phosphoric acid is formed - a source of unique energy for a living organism. Some organs (the brain for example) use glucose as energy. If the body received a lot of carbohydrates, then glucose will be allocated in large amounts. Excess glucose when interacting with the hormone of the pancreas is converted into glycogen (polysaccharide), deposited by the body in the liver and in the muscles in reserve for the case of a lack of glucose in the blood. With a decrease in the concentration of glucose in the blood glycogen will be split to glucose. It will go to the blood, maintaining a proper level of glycemia. And if the pancreas is not able to produce insulin in the amount necessary for processing the entire amount of excess glucose into glycogen, then all glucose enters the bloodstream, which increases its concentration there, and hyperglycemia occurs. It is the cause of coma in diabetes mellitus - a disease in which the pancreas produces either insufficient amounts of insulin, or the mechanism of interaction of the hormone insulin and body cells is disturbed.

Types of diabetes mellitus

Cells of the liver, adipose tissue and muscles process glucose only when interacting with insulin. These organs are called insulin-dependent. Other organs - insulin-independent - do not need insulin while processing glucose (brain for example). If the pancreas is unable to produce insulin in the required amount, then the body develops type 1 diabetes - insulin-dependent. In the event that the consistency of the interaction of insulin and cells for glucose processing is disturbed, diabetes mellitus of the second type arises - insulin-independent. For both types of diabetes, the accumulation of glucose in the blood is higher than the limiting level, and the body cells, in addition to those organs that are independent of insulin, experience an energy hunger - they do not receive the main source of energy - glucose.

Causes of the disease

Type 1 diabetes begins with childhood or develops in adolescence or adolescence. The reason for such an early illness lies in the hereditary predisposition of the body and the simultaneous effect of unfavorable factors - stress, viral infections, malnutrition, lack of vitamins and trace elements.

The type 2 diabetes is the destiny of adults and the elderly. Causes - heredity, obesity and atherosclerosis, hypertension.

Dietary food

The diet for diabetes mellitus of both types plays an important role. The diabetic diet should ideally be 20% protein, 30% fat (better plant origin), 50% "long-playing" carbohydrates, that is, those that are digested by the body with difficulty. Food should be saturated with vitamins and microelements, especially for vitamins C, A, E, Group B, and from trace elements, primarily iodine, iron, zinc, manganese. It is necessary to replace some (harmful to diabetics) products by others - safe and useful. And for this you need to know clearly what can and can not be eaten with diabetes. Daily intake should be calculated with calorie counting.

What you can not eat with diabetes?

For normal carbohydrate metabolism to help the body, a diabetic who suffers from any type of disease must exclude easily digestible carbohydrates from the diet. What can not be eaten with type 1 diabetes? It is sugar, glucose in its pure form and all the culinary products in the recipe of which these products are: ice cream, condensed sweet milk, coffee and cocoa, jam, syrups, jam, confitures, jam, marmalade, sweet drinks, honey, any confectionery , Baking. Sweetness of food is given by sugar substitutes, which are selected depending on the heat treatment of the dish. What vegetables and fruits for diabetes are used for diabetes with a mandatory calculation of calories in the daily diet? Those in 100 grams of which have a carbohydrate content of more than 10 g. These are vegetables: potatoes, green peas, beets, kohlrabi cabbage, parsnip, parsley, carrots, beans, onion. Of fruits: bananas, grapes, pineapples, persimmon, figs, dates, apricots, pomegranate, cherry and cherry, peaches, pear, mulberry, plum, red and black ashberry. Berries: strawberries and strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, currants (any), dogrose. What can not be eaten with type 2 diabetes? Foods and culinary products that are prohibited in type 1 diabetes. But, in addition, you need to comply with additional restrictions aimed at anti-sclerotic help the body. You need to include in the diet fiber, bran bread, more low-calorie vegetables, reduce the caloric content of the daily diet - especially if you are overweight.