The population of Severodvinsk. Economy, enterprises, districts of Severodvinsk

The northern city of Severodvinsk is the center of Russian shipbuilding. This small settlement has an unusual 70-year history and plays a significant role in the life of Russia. The local population lives in harsh conditions, but loves their city and works for its prosperity.

Geography

The city of Severodvinsk is located at the confluence of the Northern Dvina River in the White Sea. He stretched along the coast of Dvinskaya Bay. With the capital of the Arkhangelsk region the city is only 35 km away. Severodvinsk is located on the East European Plain. The territory of the settlement and the surrounding areas are rich in hydro resources: there are several rivers and lakes of various sizes, the largest reservoirs are the rivers Severnaya Dvina, Kudma, Shirshema and Malkurya, and Novoe, Teatralnaya and Nikolskaya estuary. The total area of the city is 119 square meters. Km.

Climate and ecology

The population of Severodvinsk lives in a temperate, maritime climate with a long, dank winter and a short cool summer. The average annual temperature is only 1.3 degrees. In summer, heat in the conventional sense is only 20-40 days. The average temperature at this time of year is 13-16 degrees. Winter lasts from October to May, the average temperature in December-January is around -12 degrees.

In the region, very high humidity and a lot of precipitation. The "dry" month is August, when rains are on average 18 days. Snow cover is established in October and lasts until May. In the region you can observe "white nights" from the end of May to the end of July. There is very little sunlight, in the average there are 95-105 sunny days per year.

The ecological situation in the city leaves much to be desired. The city-forming enterprise, the shipbuilding plant, produces nuclear-powered boats, and there is a small radioactive background in the air. In addition, there is a constant risk of radioactive radiation from the waste of this production. Also, plant cleaning facilities create the danger of contamination of local water with chlorine.

History

The history of the settlement began in the 12th century, when the coast of the Northern Dvina became the property of the Novgorod community. When the southern regions of Kievan Rus were captured by the Tatar-Mongolian tribes, the Slavs moved north, and this contributed to the development of lands in the area of the future Severodvinsk. In the middle of the 16th century, the official Russian seaport was opened at the mouth of the Severnaya Dvina River. By that time there was already a Nikolo-Korelsky monastery. The port was the first exit of the Russian state to the northern sea.

At the beginning of the 19th century fortifications were built here to repel English aggression. The population of the region mainly consisted of monks who had to not only deal with the hardships of the local climate, but also reflect the constant attacks of Anglo-French ships. In 1921, the situation began to change. The monastery was abolished by the Soviet government, and in its place was opened a colony for juvenile offenders. Then the agricultural commune started working here.

In 1936 a government decision was made to build a shipyard in the village. The settlement begins to grow and is called Molotovsk. In 1957 the city was renamed to Severodvinsk. The development of the settlement went along with the growth of the plant, prisoners from the local colony built houses and industrial premises. The population of Severodvinsk was then predominantly from the families of the employees of the plant and the prisoners remaining in the settlement.

During the Second World War, the city also began to be used again as a port. In the 50s of the 20th century the plant was reoriented for the production of nuclear submarines. Here is formed the main state center for the development and testing of the newest submarines. In the years of perestroika, when public funding declined, the city was going through difficult times, but survived.

Today, Severodvinsk shows sustainable development, although there are many difficulties for the townspeople.

Population

Regular observations of the number of inhabitants in Severodvinsk have been carried out since 1939. At that time in the city lived 21 thousand people. Significant population growth was observed in 1958, which is due to the beginning of the construction of the plant.

Since the 90s, the number of inhabitants has started to decline. In 1990 there were 255 thousand people. And in 2015 - already 186 thousand, and the reduction continues. The population of Severodvinsk is subject to all-Russian tendencies to reduce the number of people, as well as its own negative factors affecting the demographic situation. The population density is 161 people per square kilometer.

Administrative division

It is officially decided to divide Severodvinsk into two parts: the old and the new city. But local residents allocate such areas of Severodvinsk as "the city", "Yagry" and "quarters". "City", as is understandable, is the central part in which the main administrative buildings, cultural institutions, educational institutions, shopping centers, hotels are located. The oldest part of the city today is in decline: the houses are being destroyed, the population is getting old and gradually this territory turns into a very unfortunate and unpresentable area.

Houses of the period of Stalinism create with this part a striking contrast: wide avenues, houses in the style of Stalin's Empire. True, this housing stock also needs repairs for a long time, utility networks need repair. The construction of the times of Khrushchev and Brezhnev is represented by typical houses that were once erected as temporary housing. But people are forced to live here today.

Yagry is an island that also developed in the 50's and 70's and the architecture is appropriate here. The newest and most modern housing, however, without any frills can be seen in the neighborhood "quarters." This is the only part of the city where construction is currently underway and new territories are being developed. The population of the city is very slowly moving from the old, dilapidated housing to new apartments. Most of the new quarters are populated by young people. Although the prices for new housing are very high for a single-industry city, in which residents receive not the highest wages.

Economy

During the 70-year history of the economy of Severodvinsk depends on the stability of the shipyard. Around Sevmash, several companies have formed, which ensure the stability of the city. However, any disruptions in financing the production of ships in the city are causes of colossal problems. Work in Severodvinsk is a painful economic issue, as shipbuilding industry is in crisis, and there is no opportunity to pay a decent salary for enterprises. In connection with the fact that there is little money for the population, the sphere of services and trade are developing poorly here. The same problems hinder the development of small business. All this leads to the fact that the city is almost constantly experiencing great economic difficulties.

Employment

"Sevmash", a city-forming enterprise, is the main place of work for a large number of city residents. But its specificity is such that women are less involved in its activities. Therefore, working in Severodvinsk for women with higher education is a problem. In addition, the company is not able to accept all comers. Also, qualified personnel can not find a job due to the low diversification of the local economy. Therefore, unemployment in Severodvinsk is strong, and an outflow of young, able-bodied people is observed.

The population is afraid of the onset of economic difficulties, which many times already had to worry the townspeople. Therefore, Severodvinsk is surrounded on all sides by holiday villages, where people on personal plots provide their food security, for some it is the only employment that allows to survive.

Infrastructure of the city

The city's economic problems invariably affect its appearance and state of infrastructure. In Severodvinsk, a bad state of roads is immediately evident, which is a sure sign of difficulties with financing, but this is also a consequence of climatic conditions. The city stands on the swamps, the weather does not allow for quality repairs. All this leads to the fact that the roads here leave much to be desired.

The situation with public transport is just as bad. There are buses and taxis. But this is clearly not enough for a city with a population of almost 200 thousand. Service enterprises in Severodvinsk work, overcoming economic difficulties. In the city there are several shopping and sports centers, restaurants, beauty salons. But in general, the infrastructure of the city leaves much to be desired.

Demographic characteristics of the population

The population of Severodvinsk not only shrinks, but also grows old. The birth rate in the city has been declining for more than 10 years, the mortality rate is declining slightly. But in general, the city belongs to an aging type, there are more and more residents of retirement age. The natural population decline is 24 people per thousand inhabitants. But the main demographic problem of the city is migration. Many young people leave the city, because they can not find a good job. All this leads to the fact that today Severodvinsk only accumulates demographic and economic problems, solutions for which are not yet available.